Njengoba ibhekene nezinselele ezimbili zokuntuleka kwamanzi emhlabeni wonke kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphansi ekusetshenzisweni kwamanzi kwezolimo, amamodeli okunisela endabuko asekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho noma ukulandelana okuhleliwe awasasimeme. Ingqikithi yokunisela ngokunemba itholakala "ekuhlinzekweni ngokufunwa", futhi ukuqonda okunembile kanye nokudluliselwa okuphumelelayo "kwesidingo" sekuyinto ebalulekile. Inkampani ye-HONDE ihlanganise ngokujulile izinzwa zomswakama wenhlabathi ezinembe kakhulu nobuchwepheshe bokuthola idatha ye-LoRaWAN obunamandla aphansi endaweni ebanzi ukuze kwethulwe isizukulwane esisha sesisombululo se-Intanethi Yezinto zokunisela esihlakaniphile. Lolu hlelo, olusebenza kahle kakhulu kwezomnotho, ukuthembeka kanye namandla okumboza, luguqula izinqumo zokunisela kusukela "ekuqageleni" kuya "ekuqhutshwa idatha" ngokusekelwe ezimweni zangempela zamanzi emasimini, okuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe esiqinile sokuguqulwa kwedijithali kwezolimo zokunisela.
I. Ukwakheka Kwesistimu: Isixhumanisi esingenamthungo esivela ku-“Soil Heartbeat” kuya ku-“Cloud Decision-making”
Isendlalelo Sokubona: “I-Water Scout” Ejulile Esistimu Yezimpande
I-HONDE inzwa yomswakama wenhlabathi ejulile: Ifakwe engxenyeni eyinhloko yezimpande zezitshalo (ezifana no-20cm, 40cm, 60cm), ilinganisa ngokunembile okuqukethwe kwamanzi omthamo wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqhuba kukagesi (EC). Idatha yayo ibonisa ngqo "umthamo wamanzi aphuzwayo" wezitshalo kanye nokuhlushwa kwesisombululo senhlabathi, okusebenza njengesisekelo sokugcina sokuqondisa ukunisela.
Ukuhlelwa kwamaphuzu abalulekile: Ngokusekelwe ekuhlukeni kokuthungwa kwenhlabathi, indawo kanye namamephu okutshala izitshalo ensimini, ukuhlelwa kwamaphuzu okusekelwe kugridi noma okumelela kwenziwa ukuze kuboniswe ngempela ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi endaweni yonke ensimini.
Isendlalelo Sokuthutha: “Umgwaqo omkhulu wolwazi ongabonakali”
Umqoqi wedatha we-HONDE LoRa: Ixhunywe kuzinzwa zomhlabathi, inesibopho sokuqoqwa kwedatha, ukupakisha kanye nokudluliselwa okungenantambo. Isici sayo sokusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi kakhulu, sihlanganiswe namaphaneli amancane okunikezwa kwamandla elanga, senza kube lula ukusebenza kwensimu okuqhubekayo iminyaka emi-3 kuya kwemi-5 ngaphandle kokulungiswa.
Isango le-LoRaWAN: Njengesikhungo sesifunda, ithola idatha ethunyelwe yibo bonke abaqoqi ngaphakathi kwebanga elingamakhilomitha amathathu kuya kwangu-15 bese iyilayisha efwini nge-4G/ Ethernet. Isango elilodwa lingamboza kalula izinkulungwane noma amashumi ezinkulungwane zamahektare omhlaba wepulazi, futhi izindleko zokuthunyelwa kwenethiwekhi ziphansi kakhulu.
Isendlalelo sokwenza izinqumo kanye nokwenza: Iluphu evaliwe ehlakaniphile kusukela kudatha kuya esenzweni
Injini yesinqumo sokunisela esekelwe emafwini: Ipulatifomu ibala ngokuzenzakalelayo izidingo zokunisela ngokusekelwe kudatha yomswakama wenhlabathi yesikhathi sangempela, izinhlobo zezitshalo nezigaba zokukhula, kanye nezidingo zokuhwamuka kwesimo sezulu (ezingahlanganiswa), futhi ikhiqize imiyalelo yokunisela.
Izixhumi zokulawula ezahlukahlukene: Ngezinqubo ze-API noma ze-Intanethi Yezinto, ingalawula kalula imishini ehlukahlukene yokunisela njengemishini yokunisela ye-central pivot sprinkler, ama-valve e-solenoid yokunisela nge-drip irrigation, kanye neziteshi zokupompa, ifinyelele ukusebenza okunembile ngokwesikhathi, ubuningi, kanye nezindawo.
Ii. Izinzuzo Zobuchwepheshe: Kungani i-LoRaWAN + Inzwa Yomswakama Womhlabathi?
Ibanga elide kakhulu kanye nokumbozwa okunamandla: Ubuchwepheshe be-LoRa bunezinzuzo ezinkulu zokuxhumana ezindaweni zokulima ezivulekile, ngebanga elide lokudlulisa i-single-hop, okuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokumbozwa kwesignali ezindaweni ezinkulu zokulima ngaphandle kwesidingo semishini yokudlulisela ebizayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu kanye nezindleko zokusebenza nokulungisa: Ama-sensor node asesimweni "sokulala" isikhathi esiningi, avuka izikhathi ezimbalwa ngosuku ukuze athumele idatha, okwenza uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla elanga lusebenze kahle ngisho nasesimo sezulu esiqhubekayo semvula, kufinyelele ekusebenzeni cishe "kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungenalutho" kanye nokufakwa "kokuxhuma izintambo okungenalutho", futhi kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.
Ubuningi obukhulu kanye nomthamo omkhulu: Inethiwekhi ye-LoRaWAN isekela ukufinyelela okukhulu kwe-terminal, okuvumela izinzwa ukuthi zisetshenziswe ensimini ngobuningi obufanele, ngaleyo ndlela zichaze ngokunembile ukuguquguquka kwendawo komswakama wenhlabathi futhi zibeke isisekelo sokunisela okuguquguqukayo.
Ukuthembeka okuvelele: Isebenza ngebhendi yemvamisa ye-Sub-GHz engenalayisensi, inekhono eliqinile lokulwa nokuphazamiseka kanye nokungena okuhle kwesignali, futhi ingabhekana kahle nezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokushintsha kwekhava kanye nemvula ngesikhathi sokukhula kwezitshalo.
Iii. Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko kanye Namasu Okunisela Ngokucophelela
Ukunisela okuzenzakalelayo okubangelwa umkhawulo
Isu: Setha imikhawulo ephezulu nephansi yokuqukethwe komswakama wenhlabathi kwezitshalo ezahlukene kanye nasezigabeni zokukhula ezahlukene. Lapho inzwa ithola ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama kungaphansi komkhawulo ophansi, uhlelo lukhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo umyalo wokuvula ku-valve yokunisela endaweni ehambisanayo. Izovala ngokuzenzakalelayo uma umkhawulo ophezulu ufinyelelwe.
Inani: Qinisekisa ukuthi okuqukethwe komswakama endaweni yezimpande zezitshalo kuhlala kungaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele, gwema isomiso kanye nokucindezeleka kwezikhukhula, futhi ufeze "ukugcwalisa kabusha amanzi uma kudingeka", okungasindisa isilinganiso samanzi esingu-25-40%.
2. Ukunisela okuguquguqukayo okusekelwe ekuhlukeni kwendawo
Isu: Ngokuhlaziya idatha evela ezinzwa ezihlelwe ngegridi, dala imephu yokusatshalaliswa kwendawo yomswakama wenhlabathi ensimini. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, uhlelo luqhuba imishini yokunisela enemisebenzi eguquguqukayo (njengemishini ye-VRI central pivot) ukunisela okuningi ezindaweni ezomile kanye nokunisela okuncane noma okungekho nhlobo ezindaweni ezimanzi.
Inani: Kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukufana kwamanzi kulo lonke insimu, kususe "ukushiyeka" kwesivuno okubangelwa ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi okungalingani, kufinyelele ukwanda kokukhiqiza okulinganiselayo ngenkathi kulondolozwa amanzi, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi ngaphezu kuka-30%.
3. Ukuphathwa okuhlakaniphile kwamanzi nomanyolo okuhlanganisiwe
Isu: Hlanganisa idatha evela ezinzwa ze-soil EC ukuze uqaphe izinguquko kusawoti wenhlabathi ngemva kokunisela. Ngesikhathi sokunisela, ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zezakhamzimba zezitshalo kanye nenani le-soil EC, isilinganiso kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa komanyolo kulawulwa ngokunembile ukuze kufezwe "ukuhlanganiswa kwamanzi nomanyolo".
Inani: Vimbela umonakalo kasawoti kanye nokuphuma kwezakhamzimba okubangelwa umanyolo owedlulele, khulisa izinga lokusetshenziswa komanyolo ngo-20-30%, futhi uvikele impilo yenhlabathi.
4. Ukuhlolwa Kokusebenza kanye nokwenza ngcono izinhlelo zokunisela
Isu: Ukuqapha njalo izinguquko eziguquguqukayo zomswakama wenhlabathi ekujuleni okuhlukene ngaphambi, ngesikhathi nangemva kokunisela kungahlola ngokunembile ukujula kokungena kwamanzi, ukufana kanye nokusebenza kahle kokunisela kwamanzi okunisela.
Inani: Thola izinkinga ezikhona ohlelweni lokunisela (njengezimbobo ezivalekile, ukuvuza kwamapayipi, kanye nomklamo ongenangqondo), bese uqhubeka nokwenza uhlelo lokunisela lube ngcono ukuze kufezwe ukuphathwa okungelula kohlelo lokunisela ngokwalo.
Iv. Izinguquko Eziyisisekelo Ezilethwe Yisistimu
Kusukela “ekuniseleni ngesikhathi” kuya “ekuniseleni ngokufunwa”: Isisekelo sokushintsha izinqumo kusukela esikhathini sekhalenda kuya ezidingweni zangempela zomzimba zezitshalo, kufezwa ukwabiwa kahle kwemithombo yamanzi.
Kusukela "ekuhlolweni ngesandla" kuya "ekuboneni kude": Abaphathi bangaba nokuqonda okubanzi kwezimo zomswakama wenhlabathi yazo zonke izinkambu ngokusebenzisa omakhalekhukhwini noma amakhompyutha, okunciphisa kakhulu amandla abasebenzi futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha.
Ukusuka “ekuniseleni okufanayo” kuya “eziguquguqukeni eziqondile”: Ukuvuma nokuphatha ukungafani kwendawo ensimini ukuze kushintshwe ukunisela kusuka kokubanzi kuya kokuqondile kuhambisana nengqikithi eyinhloko yezolimo zanamuhla ezinembile.
Kusukela “enjongweni eyodwa yokongiwa kwamanzi” kuya “ekusebenzisaneni kwezinhloso eziningi kokukhiqizwa okwandisiwe, ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo”: Ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa isimo samanzi esihle kakhulu sezitshalo ukukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa okwandisiwe kanye nekhwalithi ethuthukisiwe, kunciphisa ukuvuza okujulile kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi, futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokungcoliswa kwemithombo yezolimo engeyona indawo.
V. Icala Eliyingqophamlando: Isimangaliso Esiqhutshwa Yidatha Sokulondolozwa Kwamanzi Nokukhiqizwa Okwandayo
Epulazini lokufafaza eliyindilinga elingamahektha angu-850 eMidwestern United States, abaphathi basebenzise inethiwekhi yokuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi ye-HONDE LoRaWAN futhi bayixhumanisa nohlelo lwe-VRI lwe-central pivot sprinkler. Ngemva kokuba uhlelo lusebenze isikhathi esisodwa sokulima, kwatholakala ukuthi ngenxa yokungalingani kwenhlabathi, cishe u-30% wendawo yasensimini wayenamandla okugcina amanzi amancane kakhulu.
Imodeli yendabuko: Ukunisela okufanayo kuyo yonke indawo, amanzi anele ezindaweni ezomile, kanye nokuvuza kwamanzi ajulile ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi.
Imodi yokuguquguquka ehlakaniphile: Uhlelo luyala umshini wokufafaza ukuthi wehlise ngokuzenzakalelayo umthamo wokufutha amanzi lapho udlula ezindaweni ezinesihlabathi futhi uwandise lapho udlula ezindaweni ezinomthamo ophansi wokubamba amanzi.
Umphumela: Naphezu kokwehla okungu-22% emanzini okunisela aphelele phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokukhula, isilinganiso sesivuno sommbila ensimini sikhuphuke ngo-8%, njengoba "amaphuzu okunciphisa isivuno" abangelwa ukucindezeleka kwesomiso aqedwa. Izinzuzo eziqondile zomnotho ezilethwe ukongiwa kwamanzi kanye nokwanda komkhiqizo kuphela kwenze ukuthi kutholakale kabusha ngokugcwele utshalomali lwesistimu phakathi nonyaka owodwa.
Isiphetho
Ikusasa lezolimo eziniselwayo nakanjani lizoba yikusasa eliqhutshwa ubuhlakani bedatha. Uhlelo lokuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi oluhlakaniphile lwe-HONDE olusekelwe ku-LoRaWAN, olunezinzuzo zalo ezivelele zokumbozwa okubanzi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphansi, ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okulula, luxazulule ngempumelelo amaphuzu ayinhloko “okulinganisa okungalungile, ukungakwazi ukudlulisa emuva kanye nokungakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile” ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kokunisela ngokunembile. Kufana nokuluka “inethiwekhi yemizwa” ukuze amapulazi ezwe ukushaya kwamanzi, okuvumela wonke amaconsi amanzi ukuba ahambe njengoba kudingeka futhi alethwe ngokunembile. Lokhu akuyona nje into entsha yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi kuyinguquko ebonakalayo ekuphathweni kokunisela. Kuphawula ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo kusuke ngokusemthethweni ekuthembeleni emvuleni yemvelo kanye nokunisela okubanzi okukhukhula kuya enkathini yokunisela okuhlakaniphile nokunembile okusekelwe kudatha yomhlabathi yesikhathi sangempela kulo lonke isifunda, okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo sesimanje esingaphindaphindeka nesinwebekayo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwamanzi nokudla emhlabeni jikelele.
Mayelana ne-HONDE: Njengochwepheshe osebenzayo we-Internet of Things yezolimo kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi ahlakaniphile, i-HONDE izinikele ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obufanele kakhulu nobuchwepheshe bokuzwa kwezolimo obunembile ukuze inikeze amakhasimende izixazululo zokunisela ezihlakaniphile kusukela ekuqondeni, ekudluliseleni kuye ekwenzeni izinqumo nasekuqaliseni. Sikholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi ukunika amandla wonke amaconsi amanzi ngedatha kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokufeza intuthuko yezolimo esimeme.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 15-2025