Isidingo Somhlaba Wonke Sezinzwa Zokulinganisa Imvula Siyanda Phakathi Kokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu Nokwanda Kwamadolobha

Njengoba ushintsho lwesimo sezulu luqhubeka nokubumba kabusha amaphethini esimo sezulu emhlabeni jikelele, isidingo sezixazululo zokuqapha imvula ezithuthukisiwe siyanda. Izici ezinjengokwanda kwezikhukhula eNyakatho Melika, izinqubomgomo zesimo sezulu eziqinile ze-EU, kanye nesidingo sokuphathwa kwezolimo okuthuthukisiwe e-Asia kuqhuba lo mkhuba ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene.

Isidingo Esikhulayo Ezifundeni Ezibalulekile

INyakatho Melika (i-USA, iKhanada)
ENyakatho Melika, imvula yasentwasahlobo iya ngokuya ivame, okuholela ekuniseleni kwezolimo kanye nezidingo zokuqapha nge-hydrometric. Ohulumeni bathuthukisa izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula futhi batshala imali ekuthengweni kwezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula ukuze balungiselele kangcono izehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi. Izicelo ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi iziteshi zezulu, ezolimo ezihlakaniphile, kanye nezixazululo zokuqapha izikhukhula zasemadolobheni.

IYurophu (eJalimane, e-UK, eNetherlands)
Amazwe aseYurophu ahamba phambili ekwamukeleni ukuqoqwa kwedatha yemvula enembile ngenxa yemithetho eqinile yesimo sezulu ye-EU. Amaphrojekthi agxile emadolobheni ahlakaniphile, njengezinhlelo zokuvikela izikhukhula zaseNetherlands, athembele kakhulu ezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula ezinembe kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kulesi sifunda kuhilela ukuqapha kwamanzi, izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi ezihlakaniphile, kanye neziteshi zezulu zesikhumulo sezindiza.

I-Asia (iShayina, iNdiya, iNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia)
Ukwakhiwa kweShayina “kwamadolobha esiponji” kanye nokulungiselela kweNdiya isikhathi semvula (ku-Ephreli kuya kuJuni) kuqhuba isidingo sezinzwa zemvula. Lezi zinhlelo zigxile ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula kanye nokuthuthukisa izikhungo zokuphatha amanzi. Izicelo kulesi sifunda zihlanganisa ukulungiswa kokunisela kwezolimo, ukuqapha ukugcwala kwamanzi emadolobheni, kanye namaphrojekthi okulondolozwa kwamanzi.

INingizimu Melika (iBrazil, i-Argentina)
ENingizimu Melika, ukuphela kwesizini yemvula (Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli) kushukumisela ohulumeni ukuba baqinise ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yemvula. Izitshalo ezinkulu ezifana nekhofi kanye nobhontshisi zithembele ekuqapheni imvula okunembile. Izicelo eziyinhloko lapha zifaka phakathi iziteshi zezulu zezolimo kanye nezinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngomlilo wamahlathi kusenesikhathi.

EMpumalanga Ephakathi (eSaudi Arabia, e-UAE)
Ezindaweni ezomile zaseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kunesidingo esibalulekile sokuqapha izehlakalo zemvula ezingavamile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwabiwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Izinhlelo zedolobha ezihlakaniphile, njengalezo eziseDubai, zihlanganisa izinzwa zezulu ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwedolobha. Izicelo eziyinhloko zifaka ucwaningo lwesimo sezulu sasehlane kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela ezihlakaniphile.

Izicelo Eziyinhloko kanye Nokuhlaziywa Kokusetshenziswa

Emhlabeni wonke, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko zezinzwa ze-rain gauge zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana:

1. Ukuqapha Kwesimo Sezulu kanye Nokugeleza Kwamanzi
   Amazwe afana ne-USA, i-Europe, i-China, ne-India agxile ekusetshenzisweni kweziteshi zesimo sezulu, izinhlelo zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula, kanye nokuqapha amazinga emifula.

2. Ezolimo Ezihlakaniphile
   I-United States, iBrazil, kanye ne-India zisebenzisa izinzwa zokulinganisa imvula ukuze kuniselwe ngokunembile futhi kuthuthukiswe amamodeli okukhula kwezitshalo.

3. Ukuphathwa Kwezikhukhula Zasemadolobheni kanye Nokugeleza Kwamanzi
   I-China, iNetherlands, kanye ne-Southeast Asia zibeka phambili ukuqapha imvula ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kuvinjelwe izikhukhula zasemadolobheni.

4. Iziteshi Zesimo Sezulu Zesikhumulo Sezindiza Nezokuthutha
   Amazwe afana ne-USA, iJalimane, neJapane asebenzisa izinhlelo zezaziso zokuqongelela amanzi emizileni yezindiza ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezindiza.

5. Ucwaningo kanye Nezifundo Zesimo Sezulu
   Emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Yurophu naseMpumalanga Ephakathi, kunesidingo sokuhlaziywa kwedatha yemvula yesikhathi eside kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yesimo sezulu.

Isiphetho

Isidingo esikhulayo sezinzwa zokulinganisa imvula sibonisa ushintsho olubalulekile oluya ekulungiseleleni isimo sezulu esithuthukisiwe kanye nokuphathwa kwezinsiza okusimeme kuzo zonke izindawo zomhlaba wonke ezahlukahlukene. Njengoba abaholi bemboni belungiselela ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo, izixazululo ezintsha zizoba zibalulekile.

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