Isifinyezo Ukwanda kwezimboni kanye nenani labantu emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule kube nomthelela obalulekile ekonakaleni kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Amanye amagesi avela ezitshalweni zokwelashwa kwamanzi anobuthi futhi ayasha, okudingeka atholakale, njenge-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, kanye ne-carbon monoxide. Izinhlelo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi kumele zakhiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zomthetho, ezemvelo kanye nezenhlalo. Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi kunzima ngenxa yokuguquguquka, uhlobo, kanye nokuhlushwa okuphansi kwezinto ezingcolisayo okudingeka zitholakale. Igesi evela kulezi zinqubo zokwelashwa idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelashweni, ekuqapheni nasekulawuleni amanzi. Izinzwa zegesi zingasetshenziswa njengedivayisi yokuphepha enkambisweni yokuhlanza amanzi. Izinzwa zegesi zithola izimpawu zokufaka ezikhuthazweni zamakhemikhali, zomzimba, nezebhayoloji bese ziguqulwa zibe izimpawu zikagesi. Izinzwa zegesi zingafakwa ezinqubweni ezahlukene zokwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka. Kulesi sibuyekezo, sethula inqubekela phambili yesimanje, intuthuko ebalulekile, kanye nempumelelo yezobuchwepheshe eholele ekuthuthukisweni kwezinzwa zegesi zokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi. Indima yezinzwa zegesi ekunakekelweni nasekuqapheni ikhwalithi yamanzi iyaxoxwa, futhi abahlaziyi abahlukene kanye nobuchwepheshe babo bokuthola kanye nezinto zokuzwa ezichaza izinzuzo kanye nokungalungi kwazo sekufingqiwe. Okokugcina, kufingqiwe kanye nombono weziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zezinzwa zegesi ekuqapheni nasekulungiseni ikhwalithi yamanzi.
Amagama angukhiye Inzwa yegesi/Ikhwalithi yamanzi/Ukwelashwa kwamanzi/Amanzi angcolile/Isidingo se-oxygen yamakhemikhali/Isidingo se-oxygen yezinto eziphilayo
Isingeniso
Enye yezinkinga zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibhekene nesintu ukungcola kwamanzi okwandayo emhlabeni wonke ngezinkulungwane zezakhi zemvelo nezezimboni. Kuye kwagqama kakhulu emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ngenxa yokuhwebelana komhlaba wonke, ukwakhiwa kwezimboni, kanye nokwanda kwabantu ngokuzumayo. Abantu ababalelwa ezigidini ezingu-3.4 abanawo amanzi okuphuza ahlanzekile, okuhlobene nokufa kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-35% emazweni asathuthuka [1]. Igama elithi amanzi angcolile lisetshenziselwa amanzi aqukethe indle yabantu, indle yasekhaya, indle yezilwane, amafutha, insipho, namakhemikhali. Igama elithi inzwa lisuselwa ku-“sentio”, igama lesiLatini elisho ukuqonda noma ukuqaphela. Inzwa iyithuluzi elisetshenziselwa ukuthola i-analyte ethakazelisayo futhi isabela ekubeni khona kwento engcolile noma i-analyte ekhona emvelweni. Eminyakeni edlule, abantu banezindlela ezithuthukisiwe zokuthola ikhwalithi yamanzi ukuze bathole amabhaktheriya, amakhemikhali e-organic, kanye ne-inorganic kanye nezinye izilinganiso (isb., i-pH, ubulukhuni (i-Ca ne-Mg encibilikisiwe) kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi (ukufiphala). Ama-sensor asetshenziselwa ukugcina nokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi nokuvikela abasebenzisi bamanzi. Lawa ma-sensor angabekwa ezindaweni ezifanele, phakathi nendawo, ngaphakathi noma ngisho nasendaweni yokusebenzisa indawo yokwelapha amanzi. Ikhwalithi yamanzi ingaqashwa ku-inthanethi noma ngaphandle ngosizo lwama-sensor. Kulezi zinsuku, ukuqapha amanzi ku-inthanethi kuyathandwa ngenxa yokusabela okusheshayo kwalolu hlobo lwezinhlelo. Kukhona ukuntuleka kwama-sensor afanele angasetshenziswa ukuqapha okufanele ngesikhathi sangempela ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuqashwe ikhwalithi yamanzi. Enye yezindlela zokwelashwa kwamanzi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukulandelanisa ama-batch reactors. Luhlelo lwe-sludge olusebenzayo olusetshenziselwa ukucebisa i-sludge ngezinto eziphilayo eziqoqa i-phosphate. Iningi lama-reactors lisebenza ngokusekelwe ezinyathelweni ze-offline, okusho ukuthi ukusampula kwedatha kuphansi kakhulu nokuthi imiphumela iyabambezeleka. Kuyisithiyo ekusetshenzisweni okufanele ukuphathwa kwezinhlelo kanye nokwenza
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba 19-2024