Amacala Okufaka Isicelo Senzwa Yegesi eSaudi Arabia

Nasi isifinyezo sezindaba ezifanele kanye namacala ajwayelekile mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi eSaudi Arabia.

Njengesikhungo samandla omhlaba wonke kanye nezimboni, ukusetshenziswa kweSaudi Arabia kwezinzwa zegesi kuya ngokuya kusabalala futhi kuhlakaniphe, kuqhutshwa yiVision 2030 yayo. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kugxile kulezi zindawo ezilandelayo:

1. Imboni Kawoyela, Igesi, kanye Ne-Petrochemical

Lena yindawo yendabuko neyinhloko kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi eSaudi Arabia.

• Icala: Amasimu Kawoyela Ahlakaniphile Nokuphepha Kwezitshalo
  • Ingemuva: I-Saudi Aramco ifake amashumi ezinkulungwane zezinzwa zegesi kuzo zonke izinkambu zayo zikawoyela, izindawo zokuhluza, kanye nezikhungo zamakhemikhali kulo lonke izwe.
  • Ukusetshenziswa: Lezi zinzwa ziqapha njalo amazinga amagesi avuthayo (LEL), i-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S), i-Carbon Monoxide (CO), kanye ne-Oxygen (O₂). Lapho kutholwa ukuvuza noma amazinga ayingozi, uhlelo luqala ngokushesha ama-alamu futhi lungasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya noma luvale izingxenye zenqubo yokukhiqiza ukuvimbela imililo, ukuqhuma, kanye nezehlakalo zobuthi.
  • Intuthuko Yamuva: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iSaudi Aramco ibilokhu ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-IoT kanye namanethiwekhi ezinzwa zegesi ezingenantambo kumaphrojekthi ayo e-"Smart Oil Fields", ivumela ukulungiswa kokubikezela kanye nokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela okude, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphepha nokusebenza kahle.

2. Ukuphepha Kwasemadolobheni Nokuqapha Imvelo Yomphakathi

Njengoba ukwanda kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kushesha, isidingo sokuqapha ukuphepha kwemvelo yomphakathi siyanda.

• Icala: Ukuqapha Isikhungo Somhubhe/Esingaphansi Komhlaba eRiyadh naseJeddah
  • Ingemuva: Amadolobha amakhulu aseSaudi anemigwaqo emikhulu, izindawo zokupaka ngaphansi komhlaba, kanye nezakhiwo ezinkulu zomphakathi (njengezitolo ezinkulu kanye nezikhumulo zezindiza).
  • Ukusetshenziswa: Izinhlelo zokuthola igesi ezingaguquki zifakiwe kulezi zindawo ezivalekile noma ezivalekile kancane, ikakhulukazi ziqapha i-Carbon Monoxide (CO), i-Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) evela ekukhishweni kwezimoto, kanye nokugcwala kwegesi evuthayo. Uma amazinga edlula amazinga, umoya uphuphuma ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa impilo yomphakathi nokuphepha.
  • Intuthuko Yamuva: Ngokuqaliswa nokusebenza kohlelo lweRiyadh Metro, izinhlelo zokuqapha igesi eziteshini zemetro kanye nemigudu sezibe yingqalasizinda ebalulekile yokuphepha.

3. Ukwelashwa Kwamanzi Nokuvikelwa Kwemvelo

E-Saudi Arabia entula amanzi, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwenqubo yokwelapha amanzi kubalulekile.

• Icala: Ukuqapha Igesi Enobuthi Ezitshalweni Zokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile
  • Ingemuva: Inqubo yokwelapha amanzi angcolile ikhiqiza amagesi anobuthi naqhumayo njenge-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S), i-Methane (CH₄), kanye ne-Ammonia (NH₃).
  • Ukusetshenziswa: Izitshalo ezinkulu zokuhlanza amanzi amdaka emadolobheni afana neJeddah neDammam zisebenzisa kakhulu izitholi zegesi eziqinile neziphathekayo ukuvikela abasebenzi ezingozini zokuchayeka kanye nokuqapha ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zokubuyisa nokusebenzisa i-biogas.
  • Intuthuko Yamuva: UMnyango Wezemvelo, Amanzi, kanye Nezolimo waseSaudi Arabia uqinise imithethonqubo yokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile ezimbonini, okwenza izinkampani zifake imishini yokuqapha igesi ethuthukisiwe.

4. Umkhakha Wezokwakha Nezindawo Zokuhlala

Amaphrojekthi “edolobha elihlakaniphile” asafufusa aqhuba ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi emkhakheni wezakhamuzi.

• Icala: Amadolobha Esikhathi Esizayo e-NEOM kanye Nezindlu Ezihlakaniphile
  • Ingemuva: Amadolobha amasha esikhathi esizayo akhiwayo eSaudi Arabia, njenge-NEOM kanye ne-Red Sea Project, agxile ekubeni ahlakaniphe futhi aqhubeke nokusimama.
  • Isicelo: Kula maphrojekthi, izinzwa zegesi zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokwakha ezenzakalelayo kanye nezindlu ezihlakaniphile zalokhu:
    • Ukuphepha Ekhishini: Ukuqapha ukuvuza kwegesi yemvelo.
    • Ukuphepha Kwegaraji: Ukuqapha I-Carbon Monoxide (CO).
    • Ikhwalithi Yomoya Wangaphakathi (IAQ): Ukuqapha i-Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) kanye nama-Volatile Organic Compounds (ama-VOC), kanye nokuxhumana ngokuzenzakalelayo nezinhlelo zomoya omusha ukulawula umoya wangaphakathi.
  • Intuthuko Yamuva: Izinto zokukhangisa ze-NEOM zivame ukukhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi ezinzwa athuthukile ukudala indawo yokuhlala ephephile, enempilo, nephumelelayo.

Izindaba Zakamuva Nezindlela Ezithrendayo

1. Imithetho Eqinile Yokuphepha Kwezimboni: Uhulumeni waseSaudi uyaqhubeka nokuqinisa imithetho yokuphepha emsebenzini, eyalela ukuthi zonke izindawo zezimboni ezibhekene namagesi ayingozi kumele zihlonyiswe ngemishini yokuthola igesi elinganiswe kahle. Lokhu kukhuthaza ngqo ukukhula kwemakethe yezinzwa zegesi.
2. Ukwenziwa Kwendawo kanye “noMbono 2030″: Njengengxenye yoMbono 2030, iSaudi Arabia ikhuthaza ukwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe endaweni. Abakhiqizi bezinsimbi zokuthola igesi abadumile emhlabeni wonke (isib. iHoneywell, i-MSA) basungule amagatsha noma babambisana nezinkampani zasendaweni eSaudi Arabia ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokuthengisa, zokulinganisa, kanye nezokulungisa, kanti abanye baze bacabangele nokukhiqiza kwendawo.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Kukhona ushintsho oluvela ezinzwa zendabuko ze-catalytic bead kanye ne-electrochemical kuya kubuchwepheshe be-Infrared (IR) kanye ne-Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) obunembile futhi obuhlala isikhathi eside, ikakhulukazi ekuqapheni igesi ye-hydrocarbon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa ama-drones afakwe izinzwa zegesi eziphathwayo zokuhlola indawo enkulu kanye nokuthola ukuvuza sekuyindlela entsha yezinkampani ezifana ne-Aramco.
4. Ukuphepha Kwemicimbi Emikhulu: Ngesikhathi semicimbi emikhulu yezemidlalo namasiko yamazwe ngamazwe njengeSizini saseJeddah kanye neSizini saseDiriyah, abahleli babeka izindawo zokuqapha igesi zesikhashana ezindaweni nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi ukuze babhekane nezimo eziphuthumayo ezingaba khona futhi baqinisekise ukuphepha komphakathi.

Isifinyezo

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi eSaudi Arabia kusesikhathini sokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo nokuthuthukiswa. Izimbangela eziyinhloko yilezi:

• Isidingo Sezimboni Esingokwemvelo: Amandla amakhulu kanye nesisekelo sezimboni kunikeza indawo evundile yezicelo.
• I-National Strategy Push: Ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni, ubuhlakani, kanye nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi ngaphansi kwe-“Vision 2030.”
• Ukwanda Kokuqwashisa Ngokuphepha Nokuqwashisa Ngemvelo: Izidingo ezikhulayo zokuphepha kwabasebenzi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
• Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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