Isifinyezo
Njengoba ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kuqiniswa kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo yasolwandle, izindlela zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi zendabuko azisakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zesikhathi sangempela, eziningi. Leli phepha lihlola ngokuhlelekile izimiso zobuchwepheshe kanye nenani lokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ezinamapharamitha amaningi ezintantayo eziteshini zamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nezindawo zasolwandle. Ngokuhlola okuqhathanisayo, izinzuzo zokusebenza ekuqapheni amapharamitha abalulekile njenge-oxygen encibilikisiwe, i-pH, i-turbidity, kanye ne-conductivity ziyaqinisekiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe be-IoT kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile kuyaxoxwa. Izifundo zamacala zibonisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bunciphisa isikhathi sokuphendula okungajwayelekile kwekhwalithi yamanzi ngo-83% futhi bunciphisa ukwanda kwezifo zasolwandle ngo-42%, buhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kobuchwepheshe okuthembekile kokufuywa kwezinhlanzi kwanamuhla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo yasolwandle.
1. Izimiso Zobuchwepheshe kanye Nokwakhiwa Kwesistimu
Uhlelo lwenzwa oluntantayo olunamapharamitha amaningi lusebenzisa umklamo we-modular, onezingxenye eziyinhloko ezifaka:
- I-Sensor Array: Inzwa ye-oxygen ehlanganisiwe encibilikisiwe (±0.1 mg/L ukunemba), i-pH glass electrode (±0.01), i-four-electrode conductivity probe (±1% FS), i-turbidity scattering unit (0–4000 NTU).
- Isakhiwo Esintantayo: Indlu ye-polyethylene enobukhulu obuphezulu enokunikezwa kwamandla elanga kanye neziqinisi ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
- I-Data Relay: Isekela ukudluliswa kwe-4G/BeiDou kwemodi ephindwe kabili ngemvamisa yokusampula elungisekayo (imizuzu emi-5 kuya emahoreni angama-24).
- Uhlelo Lokuzihlanza: Idivayisi ye-Ultrasonic yokulwa nokungcola kwe-biofouling yandisa izikhawu zokulungisa zibe yizinsuku ezingu-180.
2. Izicelo Emifuleni Yokufuya Izinhlanzi Zamanzi Ahlanzekile
2.1 Ukulawulwa Kwe-Oxygen Encibilikisiwe Okunamandla
Ezindaweni zokulima ze-Macrobrachium rosenbergii zaseJiangsu, inethiwekhi yezinzwa ilandelela ukuguquguquka kwe-DO ngesikhathi sangempela (2.3–8.7 mg/L). Uma amazinga ehla ngaphansi kuka-4 mg/L, ama-aerator asebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, okunciphisa izehlakalo ze-hypoxia ngo-76%.
2.2 Ukuthuthukisa Ukondla
Ngokuhlanganisa idatha ye-pH (6.8–8.2) kanye ne-turbidity (15–120 NTU), kwasungulwa imodeli yokudla enamandla, okuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla ngo-22%.
3. Intuthuko Ekuqapheni Imvelo Yasolwandle
3.1 Ukuzivumelanisa Nesimo Sosawoti
Ama-electrode e-alloy e-titanium agcina impendulo eqondile (R² = 0.998) kuzo zonke izigaba zosawoti ezingu-5–35 psu, kanti ukuzulazula kwedatha okungaphansi kuka-3% kubonwe ekuhlolweni kwekheji lasolwandle laseFujian.
3.2 I-Algorithm Yokunxephezela Amagagasi
I-algorithm eyisisekelo enamandla iqeda ukuphazamiseka kokuguquguquka kolwandle ekulinganisweni kwe-ammonia nitrogen (0–2 mg/L), kunciphisa iphutha libe yi-±5% ekuhlolweni komfula i-Qiantang River.
4. Izixazululo Zokuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT
Ama-node e-Edge computing avumela ukucubungula idatha yendawo (ukunciphisa umsindo, ukususwa kwe-outlier), kuyilapho amapulatifomu amafu esekela ukuhlaziywa kwezinhlangothi eziningi:
- Amamephu okushisa e-Spatiotemporal wezindawo eziqhakaza ulwelwesi
- Amamodeli e-LSTM abikezela izitayela zekhwalithi yamanzi amahora angu-72
- Izexwayiso ze-APP yeselula (ukubambezeleka kwempendulo <15 s)
5. Ukuhlaziywa Kwezindleko Nezinzuzo
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusampula okwenziwe ngesandla kwendabuko:
- Izindleko zokuqapha zincishiswe ngo-62% minyaka yonke
- Ubuningi bedatha bukhuphuke ngokuphindwe ka-400
- Izexwayiso zokuqhakaza kwe-algal zikhishwe emahoreni angu-48 ngaphambili
- Amazinga okusinda kwezilwane zasemanzini akhuphukele ku-92.4%
6. Izinselele kanye namathemba esikhathi esizayo
Imikhawulo yamanje ifaka phakathi ukuphazamiseka kwe-biofouling (ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kwama-28°C) kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-cross-parameter. Iziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zihilela:
- Izinto zenzwa ezisekelwe ku-graphene
- Ukulinganiswa kwerobhothi elingaphansi kwamanzi elizimele
- Ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha okusekelwe ku-Blockchain
Isiphetho
Izinhlelo zokuqapha ezinamapharamitha amaningi ezintantayo zimelela ukwenyuka kobuchwepheshe kusukela “ekuthatheni isampula ngezikhathi ezithile” kuya “ekutholeni okuqhubekayo,” okunikeza ukwesekwa okubalulekile kwezokudoba okuhlakaniphile kanye nokulondolozwa kwemvelo yasolwandle. Ngo-2023, uMnyango Wezolimo waseShayina wafaka amadivayisi anjalo kuIzindinganiso Zanamuhla Zepulazi Lokufuya Izinhlanzi, okubonisa ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwesikhathi esizayo.
Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze
1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi
4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze uthole inzwa yamanzi eyengeziwe ulwazi,
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-13-2025