Ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kwanamuhla, zonke izinhlobo zezinzwa zifana “namaqhawe angemuva kwezehlakalo”, zinikeza buthule ukwesekwa kwedatha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwemikhakha eminingi. Phakathi kwazo, izinzwa zemisebe yelanga zidlala indima ebalulekile ezimbonini eziningi ngamakhono azo okulinganisa anembile kwemisebe yelanga.
Izinzwa zemisebe yelanga, empeleni, ziyizinto zokunemba ezisetshenziselwa ukukala imisebe yelanga kanye namandla elanga. Umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukuguqula imisebe yelanga etholakele ibe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla ezilinganiswa kalula, njengokushisa nogesi, ngokulahlekelwa okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka. Le nqubo yokuguqulwa, "njengomlingo" wamandla ocashile, isenza sikwazi ukubona izimfihlakalo zemisebe yelanga.
Ngokombono wezinkomba zobuchwepheshe, inzwa yemisebe yelanga ikhombisa ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Usayizi wenzwa ojwayelekile ngokuvamile ububanzi obuyi-100mm kanye nokuphakama okuphelele okungu-100mm. Ububanzi bayo bokuhlola bubanzi impela, bungafinyelela ku-0~2500W/m². Ngokuphathelene nokuzwela, ingafinyelela ku-7~14μV/ (W · m⁻²) kanti ukumelana kwangaphakathi kungaba ngu-350Ω. Ngokuphathelene nesikhathi sokuphendula, ishesha kakhulu, ≤ imizuzwana engama-30 (99%) ingaqedela ukubanjwa kwezinguquko zemisebe yelanga. Ukuqina kanye nephutha elingelona eliqondile kulawulwa ku-±2%, izinga lokunemba lifinyelela ku-2%, impendulo ye-cosine ingu-≤±7% lapho i-Angle yokuphakama kwelanga ingu-10°, ububanzi besici sokushisa kokusebenza bungu--20°C ~+70°C, umphumela wesignali ungafinyelela ku-0~25mV (uma ifakwe i-dl-2 current transmitter, Ingakhipha futhi isignali ejwayelekile engu-4~20mA). Amapharamitha anjalo okusebenza amahle kakhulu avumela inzwa yemisebe yelanga ukuthi iqedele umsebenzi wokulinganisa ngokuqina nangokunembile endaweni eyinkimbinkimbi neguquguqukayo.
Amandla amakhulu ashukumisayo ngemuva kokujikeleza komoya, into ebalulekile yemvelo eMhlabeni, imisebe yelanga. Imisebe yelanga ifinyelela ebusweni boMhlaba ngezindlela ezimbili: enye imisebe yelanga eqondile, edlula ngqo emoyeni; Enye imisebe yelanga ehlakazekile, okusho ukuthi imisebe yelanga engenayo ihlakazekile noma ibonakaliswa ubuso. Ngokusho kocwaningo, cishe ama-50% emisebe yelanga yamagagasi amafushane amuncwa ubuso bese eguqulwa abe imisebe ye-infrared eshisayo. Ukulinganiswa kwemisebe yelanga eqondile kungenye yemisebenzi ebalulekile yezinzwa zemisebe yelanga. Ngokulinganisa imisebe yelanga ngokunembile, singathola ukuqonda ngomthombo nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla oMhlaba, sinikeze isisekelo sedatha esiqinile socwaningo kanye nezicelo emikhakheni eminingi.
Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, izinzwa zemisebe yelanga zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa kwamandla elanga, iyithuluzi elibalulekile lokuhlola amandla emithombo yamandla elanga nokwenza ngcono ukwakheka nokusebenza kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza amandla elanga. Ngemininingwane enikezwe izinzwa zemisebe yelanga, onjiniyela bangahlulela ngokunembile ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga ezifundeni ezahlukene kanye nezikhathi ezahlukene, ukuze bahlele ngokunengqondo indawo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezitshalo zamandla elanga, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuzinza kokukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga. Isibonelo, kwezinye iziteshi zamandla ezinkulu ze-photovoltaic, kufakwa izinzwa zemisebe yelanga ezinemba kakhulu, ezingaqapha izinguquko emisebeni yelanga ngesikhathi sangempela futhi zilungise i-Engela nesimo sokusebenza samaphaneli e-photovoltaic ngesikhathi ukuze kwandiswe ukubanjwa kwamandla elanga futhi kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Insimu yesimo sezulu nayo ayihlukaniseki nezinzwa zemisebe yelanga. Ngokuhlaziya idatha yemisebe yelanga, izazi zesimo sezulu zingabikezela ngokunemba izinguquko zesimo sezulu futhi zifunde izitayela zesimo sezulu. Njengomthombo wamandla obalulekile wesimiso sezulu soMhlaba, imisebe yelanga inethonya elikhulu ekushiseni komoya, umswakama, ingcindezi kanye nezinye izakhi zesimo sezulu. Idatha eqhubekayo nenembile enikezwa yizinzwa zemisebe yelanga isiza ososayensi ukuqonda ngokujulile izinqubo zesimo sezulu futhi bathuthukise ukunemba nokuthembeka kwezibikezelo zesimo sezulu. Isibonelo, kumamodeli okubikezela isimo sezulu ngezinombolo, idatha yemisebe yelanga ingenye yemingcele ebalulekile yokufaka, futhi ukunemba kwayo kuhlobene ngqo nokunemba kokulingisa kwemodeli kokuvela kwesistimu yesimo sezulu.
Emkhakheni wezolimo, izinzwa zemisebe yelanga nazo zidlala indima eyingqayizivele. Ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezitshalo kuhlobene kakhulu nemisebe yelanga, futhi ukuqina kokukhanya okufanele kanye nobude besikhathi yizimo ezibalulekile ze-photosynthesis kanye nokuqongelela izakhamzimba zezitshalo. Abacwaningi bezolimo kanye nabalimi bangasebenzisa izinzwa zemisebe yelanga ukuqapha ukukhanya ensimini, ngokuya ngezidingo zokukhanya ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhula kwezitshalo, bathathe izinyathelo zokulima nokuphatha ezifanele, njengokutshala okuxineneyo okunengqondo, ukulungisa amanethi omthunzi welanga, njll., ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula okunempilo kwezitshalo, kuthuthukiswe isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo yezolimo.
Ekugugeni kwezinto zokwakha kanye nocwaningo lokungcoliswa komoya, izinzwa zemisebe yelanga nazo zibalulekile. Izakhi ezifana nemisebe ye-ultraviolet emisebeni yelanga zingasheshisa inqubo yokuguga kwezinto zokwakha. Ngokulinganisa ubukhali kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemisebe yelanga, abacwaningi bangahlola ukuqina kwezinto zokwakha ezahlukene ngaphansi kwesenzo semisebe yelanga, futhi banikeze isisekelo sesayensi sokukhethwa nokuvikelwa kwezinto zokwakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebe yelanga ixhumana nokungcola emkhathini, okuthinta izinqubo zamakhemikhali asemkhathini kanye nekhwalithi yomoya. Idatha evela kuzinzwa zemisebe yelanga ingasiza ososayensi ukuthi bafunde indlela yokwakheka kanye nomthetho wokusabalalisa ukungcola komoya, futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ekuthuthukisweni kwezinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula ukungcola ezisebenzayo.
Uma sithatha izindlela zakamuva zomkhakha njengesibonelo, eNgqungqutheleni Yokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Elanga Yama-20 YaseShayina (Jinan) kanye noMbukiso Wesicelo Sokugcina Amandla Negesi Wesine waseShayina (Shandong) Omusha Owenziwe kusukela mhla ziyi-5 kuya ku-7 kuNdasa, iQiyun Zhongtian Company ilethe imishini yokuqapha enembile kakhulu yemvelo ye-photovoltaic kanye nezixazululo ezihlakaniphile ezigcwele indawo. Phakathi kwazo, uhlelo lokuqapha imisebe yelanga oluhlanganisiwe oluhlanganisiwe lokusabalala okuqondile olwethulwe yinkampani lungafeza ukuqapha okuhlanganisiwe kwemisebe iyonke, imisebe eqondile kanye nemisebe ehlakazekile ngedivayisi eyodwa, futhi ukunemba kokulinganisa kufinyelele ezingeni le-ClassA, kudonsela ukunaka kwabameleli abaningi bezinkampani zamandla, futhi izinkampani eziningana zifinyelele inhloso yokubambisana. Leli cala libonisa ngokugcwele ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nekhono lemakethe lobuchwepheshe bezinzwa zemisebe yelanga embonini.
Bheka uhlelo lokuqapha imisebe yelanga oluzenzakalelayo, lolu hlobo lwe-solar spectral irradiator oluhlakaniphile ekusetshenzisweni kwamandla elanga, ucwaningo lwesayensi yomoya, ezolimo kanye nokuqapha kwemvelo kanye neminye imikhakha. Lusebenzisa inhlanganisela yesihlungi se-multi-spectral kanye ne-thermopile, engakwazi nje ukukala ngokunembile amandla emisebe ngezikhawu ezahlukene ze-spectral zelanga, kodwa futhi ikala imisebe iyonke, imisebe ehlakazekile kanye neminye idatha ngesikhathi esisodwa. Uhlelo lunemisebenzi eminingana ethuthukisiwe njengokuqapha idatha yemisebe, ithuluzi lokuthola ulwazi lwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, isitoreji sedatha esingenantambo, ukusebenza nokugcinwa kwedatha okuhlakaniphile, ukuzwela kokuzilinganisa kanye nokulandelela umhlaba wonke, okuhlinzeka ngesisombululo esifanele samandla e-solar spectral esikhathi eside, izinsiza zamandla elanga kanye nokuhlolwa kwesimo sezulu ensimini.
Njengethuluzi lokulinganisa elibalulekile, inzwa yemisebe yelanga inikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kokuqonda komuntu ilanga, isebenzisa amandla elanga futhi ifunda ngokushintsha kwemvelo yomhlaba ngekhono layo lokulinganisa elinembile kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa ezibanzi. Ngokuqhubeka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, kukholelwa ukuthi izinzwa zemisebe yelanga zizodlala indima enkulu emikhakheni eminingi futhi zifake isandla ekukhuthazeni intuthuko esimeme yomphakathi. Ake sibheke phambili ezinzwa zemisebe yelanga eziqhakaza ukukhanya okukhazimulayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe esikhathini esizayo, zisize isintu ukuhlola izindawo ezingaziwa futhi sakhe impilo engcono.
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