Sekuyiminyaka engama-25 uMnyango Wezemvelo waseMalaysia (i-DOE) usebenzise i-Water Quality Index (i-WQI) esebenzisa amapharamitha ayisithupha abalulekile ekhwalithi yamanzi: i-oxygen encibilikisiwe (i-DO), i-Biochemical Oxygen Demand (i-BOD), i-Chemical Oxygen Demand (i-COD), i-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen (i-AN) kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe (i-SS). Ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuyisici esibalulekile sokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi futhi kumele kuphathwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe umonakalo wemvelo ngenxa yokungcola nokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nemithethonqubo yemvelo. Lokhu kwandisa isidingo sokuchaza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlaziya. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zokubala kwamanje ukuthi idinga uchungechunge lwezibalo ze-subix ezithatha isikhathi, eziyinkimbinkimbi, nezinamaphutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WQI ayikwazi ukubalwa uma ipharamitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yekhwalithi yamanzi ingekho. Kulesi sifundo, indlela yokwenza ngcono i-WQI ithuthukiswe ngenxa yobunzima benqubo yamanje. Amandla okumodela okuqhutshwa idatha, okungukuthi umshini we-vector wokusekela umsebenzi we-Nu-Radial basis (SVM) osekelwe ekuqinisekisweni kwe-cross-validation okungu-10x, athuthukiswe futhi ahlolwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubikezelwa kwe-WQI esitsheni saseLangat. Kwenziwe ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela okuphelele ngaphansi kwezimo eziyisithupha ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli ekubikezelweni kwe-WQI. Esimweni sokuqala, imodeli i-SVM-WQI ibonise ikhono elihle kakhulu lokuphinda i-DOE-WQI futhi yathola amazinga aphezulu kakhulu emiphumela yezibalo (i-coefficient yokuxhumana r > 0.95, ukusebenza kahle kwe-Nash Sutcliffe, i-NSE >0.88, inkomba yokuvumelana kukaWillmott, i-WI > 0.96). Esimweni sesibili, inqubo yokwenza imodeli ikhombisa ukuthi i-WQI ingalinganiswa ngaphandle kwamapharamitha ayisithupha. Ngakho-ke, ipharamitha ye-DO iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni i-WQI. I-pH inethonya elincane kakhulu ku-WQI. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izimo 3 kuya ku-6 zibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli ngokwesikhathi nezindleko ngokunciphisa inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo ekuhlanganisweni kokufaka imodeli (r > 0.6, NSE >0.5 (kuhle), WI > 0.7 (kuhle kakhulu)). Uma zihlangene, imodeli izothuthukisa kakhulu futhi isheshise ukwenziwa kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa idatha ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, yenze idatha itholakale kalula futhi ihehe ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
1 Isingeniso
Igama elithi “ukungcola kwamanzi” libhekisela ekungcolisweni kwezinhlobo eziningana zamanzi, okuhlanganisa amanzi angaphezulu (olwandle, amachibi, nemifula) kanye namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwale nkinga ukuthi ukungcola akulashwa ngokwanele ngaphambi kokuba kukhishwe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile emizimbeni yamanzi. Izinguquko ekhwalithini yamanzi zinomthelela omkhulu hhayi kuphela emvelweni wasolwandle, kodwa futhi nasekutholakaleni kwamanzi ahlanzekile okunikezwa kwamanzi omphakathi kanye nezolimo. Emazweni asathuthuka, ukukhula komnotho okusheshayo kuvamile, futhi yonke iphrojekthi ekhuthaza lokhu kukhula ingaba yingozi emvelweni. Ukuze kuphathwe isikhathi eside izinsiza zamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwabantu kanye nemvelo, ukuqapha nokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi kubalulekile. I-Water Quality Index, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-WQI, itholakala kudatha yekhwalithi yamanzi futhi isetshenziselwa ukunquma isimo samanje sekhwalithi yamanzi omfula. Ekuhloleni izinga lokushintsha kwekhwalithi yamanzi, kufanele kucatshangelwe izinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo. I-WQI iyinkomba engenaso isici. Iqukethe imingcele ethile yekhwalithi yamanzi. I-WQI inikeza indlela yokuhlukanisa ikhwalithi yezindawo zamanzi zomlando nezamanje. Inani elibalulekile le-WQI lingathonya izinqumo nezenzo zabenzi bezinqumo. Esikalini sika-1 kuya ku-100, uma inkomba iphakeme, ikhwalithi yamanzi iba ngcono. Ngokuvamile, ikhwalithi yamanzi eziteshini zomfula ezinamanani angu-80 nangaphezulu ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemifula ehlanzekile. Inani le-WQI elingaphansi kuka-40 libhekwa njengelingcolile, kanti inani le-WQI eliphakathi kuka-40 no-80 libonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi empeleni ingcolile kancane.
Ngokuvamile, ukubala i-WQI kudinga isethi yokuguqulwa kwe-subix okude, okuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi okuvame ukuba namaphutha. Kukhona ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi okungekhona okuqondile phakathi kwe-WQI nezinye izilinganiso zekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukubala ama-WQI kungaba nzima futhi kuthathe isikhathi eside ngoba ama-WQI ahlukene asebenzisa amafomula ahlukene, okungaholela emaphutheni. Inselele enkulu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubala ifomula ye-WQI uma ipharamitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zekhwalithi yamanzi ingekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izindinganiso zidinga izinqubo zokuqoqa amasampula ezithatha isikhathi, eziphelele okumele zenziwe ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ukuqinisekisa ukuhlolwa okunembile kwamasampula nokuboniswa kwemiphumela. Naphezu kokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini, ukuqapha okukhulu kwekhwalithi yamanzi omfula okwesikhashana nasendaweni kuye kwaphazanyiswa yizindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokuphatha.
Le ngxoxo ikhombisa ukuthi ayikho indlela yomhlaba wonke ye-WQI. Lokhu kuphakamisa isidingo sokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela zokubala i-WQI ngendlela ephumelelayo nenembile yokubala. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kungaba usizo kubaphathi bezinsizakusebenza zemvelo ukuqapha nokuhlola ikhwalithi yamanzi omfula. Kulesi simo, abanye abacwaningi basebenzise ngempumelelo i-AI ukubikezela i-WQI; ukumodela kokufunda komshini okusekelwe ku-Ai kugwema ukubalwa kwe-sub-index futhi kukhiqiza ngokushesha imiphumela ye-WQI. Ama-algorithms okufunda komshini asekelwe ku-Ai athola ukuthandwa ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okungaqondile, ikhono lokubikezela izehlakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikhono lokuphatha amasethi amakhulu edatha kufaka phakathi idatha yobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, kanye nokungazweli kudatha engaphelele. Amandla abo okubikezela ancike ngokuphelele endleleni kanye nokunemba kokuqoqwa nokucubungula idatha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-21-2024