Iminyaka engu-25, uMnyango Wezemvelo wase-Malaysia (i-DOE) usebenzise Inkomba Yekhwalithi Yamanzi (WQI) esebenzisa izinhlaka eziyisithupha ezibalulekile zekhwalithi yamanzi: umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe (DO), I-Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), I-Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), i-pH, i-ammonia nitrogen (AN) nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe (SS). Ukuhlaziywa kwezinga lamanzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawulwa kwemithombo yamanzi futhi kufanele kulawulwe ngendlela efanele ukuze kuvinjwe umonakalo wemvelo ekungcoleni nokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho yemvelo. Lokhu kwandisa isidingo sokuchaza izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlaziya. Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu zekhompuyutha yamanje ukuthi idinga uchungechunge lwezibalo ze-subindex ezidla isikhathi, eziyinkimbinkimbi, nezinephutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WQI ayikwazi ukubalwa uma ipharamitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yekhwalithi yamanzi ingekho. Kulolu cwaningo, indlela yokuthuthukisa ye-WQI yenzelwe ubunzima benqubo yamanje. Amandla okumodela aqhutshwa yidatha, okuyi-Nu-Radial basis function support vector machine (SVM) okusekelwe ku-10x cross-validation, athuthukiswa futhi ahlolwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqagela kwe-WQI endaweni yaseLangat. Ukuhlaziywa kokuzwela okuphelele kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo eziyisithupha ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli ekubikezelweni kwe-WQI. Esimweni sokuqala, imodeli ye-SVM-WQI ibonise ikhono elihle kakhulu lokuphindaphinda i-DOE-WQI futhi yathola amazinga aphezulu kakhulu emiphumela yezibalo (i-correlation coefficient r > 0.95, Nash Sutcliffe performance, NSE >0.88, inkomba yokuvumelana ka-Willmott, WI > 0.96). Esimeni sesibili, inqubo yokumodela ibonisa ukuthi i-WQI ingalinganiselwa ngaphandle kwamapharamitha ayisithupha. Ngakho, ipharamitha ye-DO iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni i-WQI. I-pH inomphumela omncane ku-WQI. Ukwengeza, Izimo 3 kuya ku-6 zibonisa ukusebenza kahle kwemodeli ngokwesikhathi nezindleko ngokunciphisa inani lezinto eziguquguqukayo kunhlanganisela yokufaka imodeli (r> 0.6, NSE>0.5 (okuhle), WI> 0.7 (kuhle kakhulu)). Uma sihlanganiswa, imodeli izothuthukisa kakhulu futhi isheshise ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okuqhutshwa idatha ekuphathweni kwekhwalithi yamanzi, okwenza idatha ifinyeleleke kalula futhi ibandakanye ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu.
1 Isingeniso
Igama elithi “ukungcoliswa kwamanzi” libhekisela ekungcolisweni kwezinhlobo eziningana zamanzi, kuhlanganise namanzi angaphezulu (izilwandle, amachibi, nemifula) namanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Isici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwale nkinga ukuthi izinto ezingcolisayo aziphathwa ngendlela efanele ngaphambi kokuba zikhishwe ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile emanzini. Ukushintsha kwezinga lamanzi kunomthelela omkhulu hhayi kuphela endaweni yasolwandle, kodwa futhi nasekutholakaleni kwamanzi ahlanzekile okunikezwa kwamanzi omphakathi kanye nezolimo. Emazweni asathuthuka, ukukhula ngokushesha komnotho kuvamile, futhi yonke iphrojekthi ekhuthaza lokhu kukhula ingaba yingozi emvelweni. Ukuze kube nokuphathwa kwesikhathi eside kwemithombo yamanzi kanye nokuvikelwa kwabantu kanye nemvelo, ukuqapha nokuhlola izinga lamanzi kubalulekile. Inkomba Yekhwalithi Yamanzi, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-WQI, isuselwa kudatha yekhwalithi yamanzi futhi isetshenziselwa ukunquma isimo samanje sekhwalithi yamanzi omfula. Ekuhloleni izinga lokushintsha izinga lamanzi, izinto eziningi eziguquguqukayo kufanele zibhekwe. I-WQI iyinkomba engenabo noma ibuphi ubukhulu. Iqukethe imingcele ethile yekhwalithi yamanzi. I-WQI ihlinzeka ngendlela yokuhlukanisa izinga lemithombo yamanzi yomlando neyamanje. Inani elinengqondo le-WQI lingaba nomthelela ezinqumweni nasezenzweni zabenzi bezinqumo. Esikalini esisuka ku-1 kuye ku-100, uma inkomba iphezulu, ikhwalithi yamanzi iba ngcono. Ngokuvamile, izinga lamanzi eziteshini zemifula ezinamanani angu-80 nangaphezulu lihlangabezana nezindinganiso zemifula ehlanzekile. Inani le-WQI elingaphansi kwama-40 libhekwa njengelingcolile, kuyilapho inani le-WQI eliphakathi kuka-40 no-80 libonisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yamanzi ngempela ingcoliswe kancane.
Ngokuvamile, ukubala i-WQI kudinga isethi yokuguqulwa kwe-subindex emide, eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi evame ukuba namaphutha. Kukhona ukusebenzisana okungaqondile okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwe-WQI namanye amapharamitha ekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukubala ama-WQI kungaba nzima futhi kuthathe isikhathi eside ngoba ama-WQI ahlukene asebenzisa amafomula ahlukene, okungaholela emaphutheni. Inselele eyodwa enkulu ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubala ifomula ye-WQI uma ipharamitha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yekhwalithi yamanzi ingekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amazinga adinga izinqubo zokuqoqa amasampula ezidla isikhathi, eziphelele okufanele zenziwe ngochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlolwa okunembile kwamasampula kanye nokuvezwa kwemiphumela. Naphezu kokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nemishini, ukuqapha okubanzi kwekhwalithi yamanzi emifuleni yesikhashana kanye nendawo kuye kwaphazanyiswa yizindleko eziphezulu zokusebenza nokuphatha.
Le ngxoxo ibonisa ukuthi ayikho indlela yomhlaba wonke ye-WQI. Lokhu kuphakamisa isidingo sokuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela zokubala i-WQI ngendlela esebenza kahle nenembile. Ukuthuthukiswa okunjalo kungase kube usizo kubaphathi bemithombo yemvelo ukuthi baqaphe futhi bahlole izinga lamanzi omfula. Kulo mongo, abanye abacwaningi basebenzise ngempumelelo i-AI ukubikezela i-WQI; Ukwenza imodeli yokufunda komshini okusekelwe ku-Ai kugwema ukubala kwenkomba encane futhi kukhiqize ngokushesha imiphumela ye-WQI. Ama-algorithms okufunda komshini we-Ai athola ukuduma ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezingaqondile, ikhono lokubikezela izehlakalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikhono lokuphatha amasethi amakhulu edatha okuhlanganisa idatha yosayizi abahlukahlukene, kanye nokungezwani nedatha engaphelele. Amandla abo okubikezela ancike ngokuphelele endleleni nokunemba kokuqoqwa nokucubungula idatha.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2024