IBrazil, izwe elaziwa ngezimo zalo zezulu ezahlukahlukene kanye nokushintshashintsha okukhulu kwezinkathi zonyaka, ikakhulukazi libhekene nomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinkathi zalo zemvula nezomile. Lokhu kushintsha kudinga izinhlelo zokuqapha imvula ezisebenzayo ukuze kuphathwe kahle imithombo yamanzi ayigugu yezwe. Elinye lamathuluzi abalulekile ekufezeni lokhu yisilinganiso semvula, esidlala indima ebalulekile ezisetshenzisweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezikhukhula zasemadolobheni, ukuphathwa kwamanzi ezolimo, kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
1. Ukuphathwa Kwezikhukhula Zasemadolobheni
Emadolobheni aseBrazil, imvula enkulu ngesikhathi semvula ingaholela ezikhukhuleni ezinkulu, ibangele umonakalo engqalasizinda futhi ibeke engcupheni ukuphepha komphakathi. Ukufakwa kwezilinganiso zemvula kuzo zonke izindawo zasemadolobheni kuye kwabonakala kuwusizo ekuphathweni kwezikhukhula. Ngokunikeza idatha enembile nefike ngesikhathi mayelana nobukhulu bemvula kanye nokuqongelela kwayo, iziphathimandla zendawo zingathuthukisa amasu okusabela ezikhukhuleni asebenzayo.
Isibonelo, emadolobheni afana neSão Paulo neRio de Janeiro, idatha yesikhathi sangempela evela kuma-rain gauge ivumela abahleli bamadolobha ukuthi baklame futhi bakhe izinhlelo zokukhipha amanzi ezisebenza kahle ezilungiselelwe izici ezihlukile zezindawo zabo. Le ndlela yokuqapha ayigcini nje ngokunciphisa imiphumela yezikhukhula kodwa futhi ithuthukisa ukuphepha komphakathi futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho okuhlobene nezinhlekelele ezihlobene namanzi.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwamanzi Ezolimo
Ezolimo ziyisisekelo somnotho waseBrazil, futhi ikhono lokuphatha imithombo yamanzi ngempumelelo libalulekile kubalimi. Ama-rain gauge ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile esiza abalimi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokutshala nokuvuna izitshalo. Ngokuqapha amaphethini emvula, abalimi bangaqonda kangcono ukuthi kufanele batshale nini, baqinisekise izimo zokukhula ezifanele futhi bandise isivuno.
Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sesomiso, abalimi bangasebenzisa idatha yesilinganiso semvula ukuhlela ukunisela ngempumelelo, balondoloze amanzi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izitshalo zithola umswakama owanele. Lokhu kuphathwa kwamanzi okunembile kuholela ekunciphiseni ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo kanye nokukhiqiza okuthuthukisiwe, okuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla ezweni.
3. Ukuvikelwa Kwemvelo
Ihlathi lemvula lase-Amazon, elivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “amaphaphu oMhlaba,” libhekene nezinselele eziningi zemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Amageyiji emvula abalulekile ekuqapheni amaphethini emvula nokuqonda imiphumela yawo kule ndawo ebalulekile yemvelo. Lolu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kubacwaningi kanye nabezemvelo abasebenza ukuvikela i-Amazon, njengoba kusiza ukulandelela izinguquko zemvula ezingathinta ukuhlukahluka kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nempilo yamahlathi.
Ngokugcina inethiwekhi yezikali zemvula esifundeni sase-Amazon, ososayensi bangahlaziya ukuthi izinguquko emvuleni zithinta kanjani amazinga amanzi emifuleni nasemifudlaneni, kanye nempilo iyonke yehlathi lemvula. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu okulondolozwa kwemvelo kanye nezinqubomgomo ezihlose ukulondoloza ifa lemvelo elicebile laseBrazil.
Isiphetho
Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezikali zemvula eBrazil kuye kwaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emikhakheni eyahlukene. Ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ziyasiza ekuphathweni kwezikhukhula kanye nokuhlela ingqalasizinda, zinegalelo ekuphepheni komphakathi kanye nokuqina komnotho. Kwezolimo, zisekela ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi okuphumelelayo, okuholela ekuthuthukisweni kwesivuno kanye nokusimama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikali zemvula zidlala indima ebalulekile emizamweni yocwaningo lwezemvelo kanye nokulondolozwa, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwezindawo zemvelo ezibalulekile njengehlathi lemvula lase-Amazon.
Njengoba iBrazil iqhubeka nokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nezinselele zemvelo, indima yama-rain gauge izoba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukutshala imali kubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuqapha imvula nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezweni lonke kuzobaluleka ekukhuthazeni intuthuko esimeme nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yamanzi eminyakeni ezayo.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe nge-rain gauge, sicela uxhumane ne-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-27-2025