Abstract
Amamitha okugeleza angamathuluzi abalulekile ekulawuleni inqubo yezimboni, ukulinganisa amandla, nokuqapha indawo ezungezile. Leli phepha liqhathanisa izimiso zokusebenza, izici zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwamamitha okugeleza kagesi, amamitha okugeleza kwe-ultrasonic, namamitha okugeleza kwegesi. Amamitha okugeleza kwe-electromagnetic afanele uketshezi oluqhubayo, amamitha okugeleza kwe-ultrasonic anikezela ngesilinganiso sokunemba okuphezulu okungathinteki, futhi amamitha okugeleza kwegesi ahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezihlukahlukene zemithombo yegesi ehlukene (isb, igesi yemvelo, amagesi ezimboni). Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi ukukhetha imitha yokugeleza efanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kokulinganisa (iphutha <±0.5%), kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla (ukonga ngo-15%–30%), futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokulawula inqubo.
1. I-Electromagnetic Flow Meters
1.1 Umgomo Wokusebenza
Ngokusekelwe Emthethweni ka-Faraday Wokungeniswa Kwe-Electromagnetic, uketshezi lwe-conductive olugeleza endaweni kazibuthe lukhiqiza i-voltage elingana nesivinini sokugeleza, etholwa ngama-electrode.
1.2 Izici zobuchwepheshe
- Imidiya Efanelekayo: Uketshezi olusebenzayo (i-conductivity ≥5 μS/cm), njengamanzi, ama-asidi, ama-alkali, nama-slurries.
- Izinzuzo:
- Azikho izingxenye ezihambayo, ezingagugi, impilo ende yesevisi
- Ibanga elibanzi lokulinganisa (0.1–15 m/s), ukulahlekelwa kokucindezela okunganaki
- Ukunemba okuphezulu (±0.2%–±0.5%), isilinganiso sokugeleza kwezinhlangothi ezimbili
- Imikhawulo:
- Ayilungele uketshezi olungaconductive (isb, amafutha, amanzi ahlanzekile)
- Kungase kube nokuphazamiseka okuvela kumabhamuza noma izinhlayiya eziqinile
1.3 Izicelo Ezijwayelekile
- Amanzi Kamasipala/Amanzi Angcolile: Ukuqapha ukugeleza kobubanzi obukhulu (DN300+).
- Imboni Yamakhemikhali: Ukulinganisa uketshezi olubolayo (isb., i-sulfuric acid, i-sodium hydroxide)
- Ukudla/Imithi: Imiklamo yenhlanzeko (isb, ukuhlanzwa kwe-CIP)
2. Ultrasonic Flow Meters
2.1 Umgomo Wokusebenza
Ikala isivinini sokugeleza kusetshenziswa umehluko wesikhathi sezokuthutha (isikhathi sendiza) noma umphumela we-Doppler. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko:
- I-Clamp-on (Ayi-invasive): Ukufakwa kalula
- Ukufakwa: Ifanele amapayipi amakhulu
2.2 Izici zobuchwepheshe
- Imidiya Efanelekayo: Uketshezi namagesi (amamodeli athile ayatholakala), isekela ukugeleza okukodwa/kwezigaba eziningi
- Izinzuzo:
- Akukho ukwehla kwengcindezi, ilungele uketshezi olune-viscosity ephezulu (isb, uwoyela ongahluziwe)
- Ibanga elibanzi lokulinganisa (0.01–25 m/s), ukunemba kufika ku-±0.5%
- Ingafakwa ku-inthanethi, ukulungiswa okuphansi
- Imikhawulo:
- Ithintwa impahla yepayipi (isb., insimbi ekhonjiwe ingase inciphise amasignali) kanye ne-homogeneity yoketshezi
- Izilinganiso zokunemba okuphezulu zidinga ukugeleza okuzinzile (gwema isiphithiphithi)
2.3 Izicelo Ezijwayelekile
- Uwoyela Negesi: Ukuqapha amapayipi ahamba amabanga amade
- HVAC Systems: Isilinganiso samandla samanzi abandayo/ashisisa
- Ukuqapha Imvelo: Isilinganiso sokugeleza komfula/ukungcola (amamodeli aphathekayo)
3. I-Gas Flow Meters
3.1 Izinhlobo Nezici Eziyinhloko
| Uhlobo | Isimiso | Amagesi Afanelekile | Izinzuzo | Ukulinganiselwa |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Thermal Mass | Ukukhipha ukushisa | Amagesi ahlanzekile (umoya, N₂) | Ukugeleza kwenqwaba okuqondile, akukho sinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa/ingcindezi | Ayifanelekile kumagesi anomswakama/anothuli |
| I-Vortex | I-Kármán vortex street | Umusi, igesi yemvelo | Ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu/ukucindezela | Ukuzwela okuphansi ekugelezeni okuphansi |
| I-turbine | Ukujikeleza kwe-Rotor | Igesi yemvelo, i-LPG | Ukunemba okuphezulu (±0.5%–±1%) | Idinga ukuthwala ukunakekelwa |
| I-Differential Pressure (Orifice) | Isimiso sikaBernoulli | Amagesi ezimboni | Izindleko eziphansi, ezilinganiselwe | Ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi engapheli (~30%) |
3.2 Izicelo Ezijwayelekile
- Umkhakha Wamandla: Ukudluliswa kokugcinwa kwegesi yemvelo
- Ukukhiqiza I-Semiconductor: Ukulawulwa kwegesi ehlanzekile (Ar, H₂)
- Ukuqapha Okuphumayo: Isilinganiso sokugeleza kwe-flue gas (SO₂, NOₓ).
4. Iziqondiso zokuqhathanisa kanye nokukhetha
| Ipharamitha | I-electromagnetic | I-ultrasonic | Igesi (Isibonelo Esishisayo) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imidiya Efanelekile | Uketshezi lwe-conductive | Uketshezi/amagesi | Amagesi |
| Ukunemba | ±0.2%–0.5% | ±0.5%–1% | ±1%–2% |
| Ukulahlekelwa Kwengcindezi | Lutho | Lutho | Okuncane |
| Ukufakwa | Ipayipi eligcwele, eliphansi | Idinga imigijimo eqondile | Gwema ukudlidliza |
| Izindleko | Ukuphakama okuphakathi | Ukuphakama okuphakathi | Okuphansi-okumaphakathi |
Imibandela Yokukhetha:
- Ukulinganisa Uketshezi: I-Electromagnetic yoketshezi oluqhutshwayo; i-ultrasonic yemidiya engaqhubeki/ebolayo.
- Ukulinganisa Kwegesi: I-Thermal yamagesi ahlanzekile; i-vortex ye-steam; i-turbine yokudluliselwa esitokisini.
- Izidingo Ezikhethekile: Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenhlanzeko zidinga imiklamo engenalutho engenasikhala; imidiya ephezulu yokushisa idinga izinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa.
5. Iziphetho kanye Nezitayela Zesikhathi esizayo
- Amamitha okugeleza ka-electromagnetic abusa izimboni zamakhemikhali/zamanzi, ngentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo esilinganisweni soketshezi esisebenza kancane (isb, amanzi acwebile).
- Amamitha okugeleza kwe-Ultrasonic akhula ekulawuleni amanzi/amandla ahlakaniphile ngenxa yezinzuzo zokungaxhumani.
- Amamitha okugeleza kwegesi aguqukela ekuhlanganisweni kwamapharamitha amaningi (isb., isinxephezelo sezinga lokushisa/ingcindezi + nokuhlaziywa kokwakheka) ukuze kube nokunemba okuphezulu.
- Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWANUkuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwemitha yokugeleza,
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-13-2025