Izici Zenzwa Ye-Oxygen Encibilikisiwe Yekhwalithi Yamanzi

Izinzwa ze-Optical Dissolved Oxygen (ODO), ezaziwa nangokuthi izinzwa ezisekelwe ku-fluorescence, ziwubuchwepheshe besimanje obuphikisana nezindlela zendabuko ze-membrane electrode (Clark cells). Isici sabo esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kwe-fluorescence quenching ukukala ukugcwala komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini.

Isimiso sokusebenza:
Iphoyinti lenzwa limbozwe ngolwelwesi olufakwe udayi we-fluorescent. Lapho lodayi ujatshuliswa ubude beza obuthile bokukhanya okwesibhakabhaka, ukhipha ukukhanya okubomvu. Uma ama-molecule e-oksijini ekhona emanzini, ashayisana nama-molecule kadayi ajabulile, abangele ukuncipha kwamandla e-fluorescence kanye nempilo ye-fluorescence emfushane. Ngokulinganisa lolu shintsho empilweni ye-fluorescence noma ukuqina, ukugxila komoyampilo oncibilikisiwe kungabalwa ngokunembile.

Izimpawu Ezisemqoka:

1. Akukho Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-oksijeni, Akukho Electrolyte:
   • Lona umehluko oyisisekelo kakhulu ovela endleleni ye-membrane electrode. Izinzwa zamehlo aziwudli umoya-mpilo wesampula, zinikeza imiphumela enembe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emanzini angagelezi kahle noma amile.
   • Asikho isidingo sokushintsha ama-electrolyte noma ulwelwesi, kunciphisa kakhulu ukugcinwa.
2. Ukugcinwa Okuphansi, Ukuzinza Okuphezulu:
   • Azikho izinkinga ngokuvala ulwelwesi, ubuthi be-electrode, noma ukungcoliswa kwe-electrolyte.
   • Izikhawu ezinde zokulinganisa, ngokuvamile ezidinga ukulinganisa kuphela ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngaphezulu.
3. Impendulo Esheshayo Nokunemba Okuphezulu:
   • Ukusabela okusheshayo ezinguqukweni zomoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, okuvumela ukuthwebula ngesikhathi sangempela kwezinguquko eziguqukayo zekhwalithi yamanzi.
   • Izilinganiso azithintwa isivinini sokugeleza noma izinto eziphazamisayo njengama-sulfide, anikeza ukunemba okuphakeme nokuzinza uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile.
4. Ukushayela Okuncane Kwesikhathi Eside:
   • Izakhiwo zikadayi we-fluorescent zizinzile kakhulu, okuholela ekukhukhuleni okuncane kwesignali nokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kokulinganisa kwesikhathi eside.
5. Ukusebenzisa kalula:
   • Ngokuvamile i-plug-and-play, ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside se-polarization esidingekayo ngemva kokuqala; isilungele ukukalwa ngokushesha.

Ububi:

• Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphakeme: Ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu kunezinzwa ze-membrane electrode ezivamile.
• I-Fluorescent Membrane Ine-Finite Lifespan: Nakuba ihlala isikhathi eside (imvamisa iminyaka engu-1-3), ulwelwesi luzogcina luwohloke noma lungcoliswe futhi ludinge ukushintshwa.
• Ukungcoliswa Okungaba Khona Ngamafutha Nolwelwe: Ukugcoba uwoyela osindayo noma i-biofouling endaweni yenzwa kungaphazamisa ukuthakasela nokwamukela ukukhanya, kudinge ukuhlanzwa.

2. Izimo Zokusebenza

Ngenxa yezici zazo ezinhle kakhulu, izinzwa zomoya-mpilo ezincibilikisiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene edinga ukuqapha kwe-DO okuqhubekayo nokunembayo:

1. Izindawo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile:
   • Isicelo esibucayi. Isetshenziselwa ukuqapha i-DO emathangini omoya kanye nezindawo ze-aerobic/anaerobic ukuze kuthuthukiswe umoya, okuvumela ukulawula okunembayo okonga amandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa.
2. Ukuqapha Umzimba Wamanzi Emvelo (Imifula, Amachibi, Amachibi):
   • Isetshenziswa eziteshini zokuqapha imvelo ukuze kuhlolwe umthamo wokuzihlanza komzimba wamanzi, isimo se-eutrophication, kanye ne-hypoxia engaba khona, ihlinzeka ngedatha yokuvikela imvelo.
3. I-Aquaculture:
   • I-DO iyindlela yokuphila yasemanzini. Izinzwa ze-Optical zinika amandla ukuqapha okungu-24/7 kumachibi nasemathangini. Angacupha ama-alamu futhi enze ama-aera asebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho amazinga ehla kakhulu, avimbele ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi futhi avikele ukukhiqizwa.
4. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi:
   • Isetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwe-oceanographic, izifundo ze-limnological, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ecotoxicology lapho idatha ye-DO enembayo ephezulu, engaphazanyiswa kancane ibalulekile.
5. Amanzi Enqubo Yezimboni:
   • Ezinhlelweni ezifana nesikhungo samandla kanye namanzi okupholisa ezitshalo zamakhemikhali, ukuqapha okuthi DO ukulawula ukugqwala kanye ne-biofouling.

3. I-Application Case Study ePhilippines

Njengesizwe esineziqhingi, umnotho wasePhilippines uthembele kakhulu ezilwaneni zasemanzini nezokuvakasha, kanti futhi ubhekene nezinselelo zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ezivela emadolobheni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha izinga lamanzi, ikakhulukazi umoya-mpilo oncibilikile, kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-Case Study: I-Smart DO Monitoring and Aeration System e-Laguna de Bay Aquaculture Zones

Ingemuva:
I-Laguna de Bay iyichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke e-Philippines, izindawo ezizungezile zibalulekile ekulimeni kwezilwane zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi i-Tilapia ne-Milkfish (i-Bangus). Nokho, leli chibi libhekene nezinsongo ze-eutrophication. Ngezinyanga ezishisayo zasehlobo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi kungaholela ku-hypoxia ezingqimbeni ezijulile, ngokuvamile kubangele ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi ezinkulu ("izinhlanzi ziyabulala"), okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho kubalimi.

Isixazululo sohlelo lokusebenza:
I-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), ngokubambisana nohulumeni basekhaya, ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kohlelo oluhlakaniphile lokuqapha izinga lamanzi nokulawula okusekelwe kuzinzwa zomoya-mpilo ezincibilikisiwe emapulazini amakhulu okuhweba nasezindaweni ezibalulekile zechibi.

Izingxenye Zesistimu Nokugeleza Kwemisebenzi:

1. Ama-Monitoring Nodes: Ama-buoy ekhwalithi yamanzi anepharamitha eminingi afakwe izinzwa ze-Optical DO atshalwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emachibini ezinhlanzi (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezijulile) nasezindaweni ezibalulekile echibini. Lezi zinzwa zikhethwe ngoba:
   • Ukunakekela Okuphansi: Ukusebenza kwabo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulungisa kulungele izindawo ezinabasebenzi abalinganiselwe bezobuchwepheshe.
   • Ukumelana Nokuphazamiseka: Kuvame ukungaphumeleli ekungcoleni emanzini anothile ngokuphilayo kanye namanzi e-aquaculture.
   • Idatha Yesikhathi Sangempela: Iyakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngedatha njalo ngeminithi, okuvumela ukutholwa ngokushesha kokwehla kwe-DO kungazelelwe.
2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha: Idatha yenzwa idluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela ngamanethiwekhi angenawaya (isb, i-GPRS/4G noma i-LoRa) kuplathifomu yamafu nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zabalimi.
3. Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile Nesexwayiso Sangaphambi kwesikhathi:
   • I-Platform Side: Inkundla yefu isethwe nge-DO threshold ye-alamu (isb, ngaphansi kuka-3 mg/L).
   • Uhlangothi Lomsebenzisi: Abalimi bathola izaziso ezizwakalayo/ezibonakalayo, i-SMS, noma izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza.
   • Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo: Uhlelo lungenza ama-aera ngokuzenzekelayo kuze kube yilapho amazinga e-DO ebuyiselwa ebangeni eliphephile.

Imiphumela:

• Ukufa Kwezinhlanzi Okuncishisiwe: Izexwayiso zangaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokungenisa umoya okuzenzakalelayo kuvimbele ngempumelelo izehlakalo zokubulala izinhlanzi eziningi ezibangelwa amazinga aphansi kakhulu e-DO phakathi nobusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu.
• Ukusebenza Kakuhle Kokulima: Abalimi bangakwazi ukuphatha ukuphakela kanye nokufaka umoya ngokwesayensi ngokwedlulele, behlise izindleko zikagesi (ngokugwema ukusebenza kwama-aera 24/7盲目) kanye nokwenza ngcono izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokuphakelayo kanye namazinga okukhula kwezinhlanzi.
• Idatha Yokuphathwa Kwemvelo: Iziteshi zokuqapha echibini zihlinzeka nge-BFAR ngedatha yesikhathi eside ye-spatiotemporal DO, esiza ukuhlaziya amathrendi e-eutrophication futhi yakhe izinqubomgomo zesayensi zokuphatha amachibi.

Isifinyezo:
Emazweni asathuthuka njenge-Philippines, lapho i-aquaculture ibhekene nezingozi ezinkulu nengqalasizinda ingaphonselwa inselelo, izinzwa zomoya-mpilo ezincibilikisiwe zamehlo zibonise ukuthi ziyithuluzi elikahle lobuchwepheshe lokunemba kwezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo okukhaliphile ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukugcinwa kwazo okuphansi, nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Abasizi abalimi kuphela behlise ubungozi futhi bakhulise imali engenayo kodwa futhi bahlinzeka ngosekelo lwedatha olunamandla lokuvikela imvelo yasemanzini eyigugu yase-Philippines.

Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene

1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi

2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi

3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi

4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe SENSOR ulwazi,

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