Izici Zezinzwa Ze-Optical Dissolved Optical Zokuqwashisa Ngekhwalithi Yamanzi

Izinzwa ze-Optical Dissolved Oxygen (ODO), ezaziwa nangokuthi izinzwa ezisekelwe ku-fluorescence, ziwubuchwepheshe besimanje obuhlukile ngezindlela zendabuko ze-membrane electrode (amaseli e-Clark). Isici sazo esiyinhloko ukusetshenziswa kokucima i-fluorescence ukukala ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe emanzini.

Isimiso Sokusebenza:
Isihloko senzwa simbozwe ngendwangu efakwe udayi we-fluorescent. Uma lo dayi uvuselelwa ubude besikhathi obuthile bokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukhipha ukukhanya okubomvu. Uma ama-molecule e-oxygen ekhona emanzini, ahlangana nama-molecule edayi avuselelwe, okubangela ukwehla kokuqina kwe-fluorescence kanye nokuphila okufushane kwe-fluorescence. Ngokulinganisa lolu shintsho empilweni noma ekuqineni kwe-fluorescence, ukuhlushwa kwe-oxygen encibilikisiwe kungabalwa ngokunembile.

Izici Eziyinhloko:

1. Akukho Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Oxygen, Akukho I-Electrolyte:
   • Lona umehluko oyisisekelo kakhulu endleleni ye-membrane electrode. Izinzwa ze-optical azisebenzisi i-oxygen evela kusampula, okunikeza imiphumela enembile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zamanzi ezigeleza kancane noma ezimile.
   • Asikho isidingo sokushintsha ama-electrolyte noma ama-membrane, okunciphisa kakhulu ukugcinwa kwawo.
2. Ukulungiswa Okuphansi, Ukuqina Okuphezulu:
   • Azikho izinkinga ngokuvaleka kwe-membrane, ubuthi be-electrode, noma ukungcoliswa kwe-electrolyte.
   • Izikhawu ezinde zokulinganisa, ngokuvamile ezidinga ukulinganisa njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa noma ngisho nangaphezulu.
3. Impendulo Esheshayo Nokunemba Okuphezulu:
   • Impendulo esheshayo kakhulu ezinguqukweni ze-oxygen encibilikisiwe, okuvumela ukuthwebula izinguquko zekhwalithi yamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela.
   • Ukulinganisa akuthinteki ngesivinini sokugeleza noma izinto eziphazamisayo njenge-sulfide, okunikeza ukunemba okuphezulu kanye nokuzinza uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko.
4. Ukuhamba Okuncane Kwesikhathi Eside:
   • Izakhiwo zedayi ye-fluorescent zizinzile kakhulu, okuholela ekushintsheni okuncane kwesignali nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokulinganisa isikhathi eside.
5. Ukulula Kokusebenzisa:
   • Ngokuvamile i-plug-and-play, ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside sokuhlukaniswa kwe-polar esidingekayo ngemuva kokuqala; ilungele ukulinganiswa ngokushesha.

Okubi:

• Izindleko Zokuqala Eziphakeme: Ngokuvamile zibiza kakhulu kunezinzwa ze-membrane electrode zendabuko.
• I-Fluorescent Membrane inesikhathi sokuphila esilinganiselwe: Nakuba ihlala isikhathi eside (ngokuvamile iminyaka eyi-1-3), i-membrane izogcina ibola noma ingcolile futhi idinga ukushintshwa.
• Ukungcola Okungenzeka Ngamafutha Nolwelwe: Ukumbozwa okukhulu kwamafutha noma ukungcola kwe-bio ebusweni benzwa kungaphazamisa ukuvusa nokwamukela ukukhanya, okudinga ukuhlanzwa.

2. Izimo Zokusebenza

Ngenxa yezici zazo ezinhle kakhulu, izinzwa ze-optical dissolved oxygen zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene edinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokunembile kwe-DO:

1. Izitshalo Zokuhlanza Amanzi Angcolile:
   • Isicelo esibalulekile. Sisetshenziselwa ukuqapha i-DO ematangini okungenisa umoya kanye nasezindaweni ze-aerobic/anaerobic ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungenisa umoya, okuvumela ukulawula okunembile kokonga amandla kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwelashwa okuthuthukisiwe.
2. Ukuqapha Umzimba Wamanzi Wemvelo (Imifula, Amachibi, Amadamu):
   • Isetshenziswa eziteshini zokuqapha imvelo ukuhlola amandla okuzihlanza amanzi, isimo se-eutrophication, kanye ne-hypoxia engaba khona, okunikeza idatha yokuvikelwa kwezemvelo.
3. Ukufuya izinhlanzi:
   • I-DO iwumthombo wokuphila kwezinhlanzi. Izinzwa zokubona zivumela ukuqapha amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto emachibini nasemathangini. Zingavusa ama-alamu futhi zivule ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-aerator lapho amazinga ehla kakhulu, okuvimbela ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi nokuvikela ukukhiqizwa kwazo.
4. Ucwaningo Lwesayensi:
   • Kusetshenziswa ezinhlolovo ze-oceanographic, izifundo ze-limnological, kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ecotoxicology lapho idatha ye-DO enembile kakhulu, engaphazamiseki kakhulu ibalulekile.
5. Amanzi Enqubo Yezimboni:
   • Ezinhlelweni ezifana nezitshalo zamandla kanye namanzi okupholisa ezitshalo zamakhemikhali, kuqapha i-DO ukulawula ukugqwala kanye nokungcola kwezinto eziphilayo.

3. Ucwaningo Lwecala Lesicelo ePhilippines

Njengesizwe esihlala ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abaningi, umnotho wasePhilippines uthembele kakhulu ekulimeni kwezinhlanzi kanye nezokuvakasha, kuyilapho ubhekene nezinselele zokungcoliswa kwamanzi ngenxa yokufudukela emadolobheni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi, ikakhulukazi umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Uhlelo Lokuqapha Nokungenisa Umoya Oluhlakaniphile Ezindaweni Zokufuya Izinhlanzi zaseLaguna de Bay

Ingemuva:
ILaguna de Bay iyichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke ePhilippines, kanti izindawo ezizungezile zibalulekile ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi iTilapia kanye neMilkfish (Bangus). Kodwa-ke, ichibi libhekene nezinsongo zokuqothulwa kwezinhlanzi. Ngezinyanga zasehlobo ezishisayo, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi kungaholela ekuncipheni komoya ezindaweni ezijulile, okuvame ukubangela ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi okukhulu ("ukubulawa kwezinhlanzi"), okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho kwabalimi.

Isixazululo Sohlelo Lokusebenza:
I-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (i-BFAR), ngokubambisana nohulumeni basekhaya, ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kohlelo lokuqapha nokulawula ikhwalithi yamanzi oluhlakaniphile olusekelwe ezinzwa ze-oxygen ezincibilikisiwe ezibonakalayo emapulazini amakhulu ezentengiselwano nasezindaweni ezibalulekile zechibi.

Izingxenye Zesistimu Nokugeleza Komsebenzi:

1. Ama-Node Okuqapha: Ama-buoy ekhwalithi yamanzi amaningi afakwe izinzwa ze-optical DO afakwe ezindaweni ezahlukene emachibini ezinhlanzi (ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezijulile) nasezindaweni ezibalulekile echibini. Lawa ma-sensor akhethwe ngoba:
   • Ukugcinwa Okuphansi: Ukusebenza kwabo isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokugcinwa kulungele izindawo ezinabasebenzi abangochwepheshe abambalwa.
   • Ukumelana Nokuphazamiseka: Akuthambekele kakhulu ekuhlulekeni ngenxa yokungcola emanzini acebile futhi angcolile asemanzini.
   • Idatha Yesikhathi Sangempela: Iyakwazi ukunikeza idatha njalo ngeminithi, okuvumela ukutholakala okusheshayo kokwehla kwe-DO okungazelelwe.
2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha: Idatha yenzwa idluliselwa ngesikhathi sangempela ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo (isb., i-GPRS/4G noma i-LoRa) epulatifomu yamafu kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula zabalimi.
3. Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile kanye Nesexwayiso Sasekuqaleni:
   • Uhlangothi Lwepulatifomu: Ipulatifomu yefu isethwe ngemingcele ye-alamu ye-DO (isb., ngaphansi kuka-3 mg/L).
   • Uhlangothi Lomsebenzisi: Abalimi bathola izaziso ezizwakalayo/ezibonakalayo, i-SMS, noma izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza.
   • Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo: Uhlelo lungasebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-aerator kuze kube yilapho amazinga e-DO ebuyiselwa ebangeni eliphephile.

Imiphumela:

• Ukuncipha Kokufa Kwezinhlanzi: Izixwayiso zakuqala kanye nokuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo kuvimbele ngempumelelo izehlakalo eziningi zokubulawa kwezinhlanzi ezibangelwa amazinga aphansi kakhulu e-DO ebusuku noma ekuseni kakhulu.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza Kahle Kokulima: Abalimi bangaphatha ukondla kanye nokungenisa umoya ngokwesayensi, banciphise izindleko zikagesi (ngokugwema ukusebenza kwama-airer amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto) kanye nokuthuthukisa izilinganiso zokuguqulwa kokudla kanye namazinga okukhula kwezinhlanzi.
• Idatha Yokuphathwa Kwemvelo: Iziteshi zokuqapha echibini zinikeza i-BPAR idatha ye-DO yesikhathi eside yendawo, okusiza ukuhlaziya izitayela ze-eutrophication kanye nokwakha izinqubomgomo zesayensi zokuphathwa kwechibi.

Isifinyezo:
Emazweni asathuthuka njengePhilippines, lapho ukufuywa kwezinhlanzi kubhekene nezingozi ezinkulu futhi ingqalasizinda ingaba yinselele, izinzwa ze-oksijini ezincibilikisiwe ezibonakalayo ziye zabonakala ziyithuluzi elihle lobuchwepheshe lokufuywa kwezinhlanzi ngokunemba kanye nokuphathwa kwemvelo okuhlakaniphile ngenxa yokuqina kwazo, ukunakekelwa okuphansi, kanye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Azisizi nje kuphela abalimi ukunciphisa izingozi nokwandisa imali engenayo kodwa futhi zinikeza ukwesekwa kwedatha okunamandla kokuvikela imvelo yasemanzini eyigugu yasePhilippines.

Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze

1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi

2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi

3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi

4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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