Izifundo Zezimo Ngokusetshenziswa Kwezinzwa Ze-Oxygen Ezincibilikisiwe Zekhwalithi Yamanzi Ekufuyweni Kwamanzi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-oxygen encibilikisiwe (DO) zekhwalithi yamanzi kuyisibonelo esibanzi nesiphumelelayo sobuchwepheshe be-IoT ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi kwaseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. I-oxygen encibilikisiwe ingenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu yekhwalithi yamanzi, ethinta ngqo izinga lokusinda, isivinini sokukhula, kanye nempilo yezinhlobo ezifuywayo.

Izigaba ezilandelayo zichaza ukusetshenziswa kwazo ngezifundo zamacala ahlukahlukene kanye nezimo.

1. Ukuhlaziywa Kwecala Elijwayelekile: Ipulazi Lezinhlanzi Ezinkulu eVietnam

Ingemuva:
IVietnam ingenye yabathengisi abakhulu bezinhlanzi ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ipulazi elikhulu lezinhlanzi eziqinile zase-vannamei eMekong Delta libhekane namazinga aphezulu okufa ngenxa yokuphathwa kabi komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe. Ngokwesiko, abasebenzi kwakudingeka balinganise amapharamitha ngesandla izikhathi eziningana ngosuku ngokuhamba ngesikebhe echibini ngalinye, okwaholela emininingwaneni engapheli kanye nokungakwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha ku-hypoxia ebangelwa izimo zasebusuku noma izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezizumayo.

Isixazululo:
Ipulazi liqalise uhlelo lokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi oluhlakaniphile olusekelwe ku-IoT, olunenzwa ye-oxygen encibilikisiwe eku-inthanethi eyinhloko yalo.

1. Ukufakwa: Izinzwa ze-DO eyodwa noma ezimbili zafakwa echibini ngalinye, zabekwa ekujuleni okungaba amamitha ayi-1-1.5 (ungqimba lwamanzi oluyinhloko lomsebenzi wezinkawu) kusetshenziswa ama-buoy noma izinsika eziqinile.
2. Ukudluliswa Kwedatha: Izinzwa zidlulisela idatha ye-DO yesikhathi sangempela kanye nokushisa kwamanzi epulatifomu yamafu ngamanethiwekhi angenantambo (isb., i-LoRaWAN, i-4G/5G).
3. Ukulawula Okuhlakaniphile: Uhlelo luhlanganiswe nama-aerator echibi. Imingcele ephephile ye-DO yabekwa (isb., umkhawulo ophansi: 4 mg/L, umkhawulo ophezulu: 7 mg/L).
4. Izexwayiso Nokuphathwa:
   • Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo: Lapho i-DO yehla ngaphansi kuka-4 mg/L, uhlelo lwaluvula ngokuzenzakalelayo ama-aerator; lapho ekhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-7 mg/L, lwawacima, lwafeza umoya oqondile futhi longa izindleko zikagesi.
   • Ama-alamu Akude: Uhlelo luthumele izaziso nge-SMS noma izaziso zohlelo lokusebenza kumphathi wepulazi kanye nochwepheshe uma idatha ingajwayelekile (isb., ukwehla okuqhubekayo noma ukwehla okungazelelwe).
   • Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha: Ipulatifomu yamafu iqophe idatha yomlando, esiza ekuhlaziyeni amaphethini e-DO (isb., ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, izinguquko ngemva kokudla) ukuze kuthuthukiswe amasu okuphakela kanye nezinqubo zokuphatha.

Imiphumela:

• Ukunciphisa Ingozi: Cishe kwaqeda izehlakalo zokufa kwabantu abaningi ("ukuntanta") okubangelwa ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo okungazelelwe, okuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga empumelelo kwezolimo.
• Ukonga Izindleko: Ukufaka umoya ngendlela efanele kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwemishini yomoya, konga cishe u-30% ezikweletini zikagesi.
• Ukusebenza Kahle Okuthuthukisiwe: Abaphathi babengasadingi ukuhlolwa okwenziwa ngesandla njalo futhi babengaqapha wonke amachibi ngama-smartphone abo, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuphatha.
• Ukukhula Okuthuthukisiwe: Indawo ezinzile ye-DO ikhuthaze ukukhula okufanayo kwe-shrimp, ithuthukisa isivuno sokugcina kanye nosayizi.

2. Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwamanye Amazwe AseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia

1. I-Thailand: Isiko Lama-Grouper/Seabass Cage
   • Inselele: Ukukhula kwezidleke emanzini avulekile kuthonywa kakhulu amagagasi namagagasi, okuholela ekushintsheni okusheshayo kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Izinhlobo ezinabantu abaningi njenge-grouper zizwela kakhulu ku-hypoxia.
   • Ukusetshenziswa: Izinzwa ze-DO ezingamelana nokugqwala ezifakwe emakhejini zinikeza ukuqapha kwesikhathi sangempela. Izexwayiso ziyaqaliswa uma i-DO iwela ngenxa yokuqhakaza kwe-algal noma ukushintshana kwamanzi okungekuhle, okuvumela abalimi ukuthi bavule ama-airer angaphansi kwamanzi noma bathuthe amakheji ukuze bagweme ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho.
2. I-Indonesia: Amachibi Ahlanganisiwe Ezolimo Ezihlukahlukene
   • Inselele: Ezinhlelweni ze-polyculture (isb., izinhlanzi, izimfanzi, inkalankala), umthwalo wezinto eziphilayo uphezulu, ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kukhulu, futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zinezidingo ze-DO ezahlukahlukene.
   • Ukusetshenziswa: Izinzwa ziqapha amaphuzu abalulekile, zisiza abalimi ukuqonda amaphethini okusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo kuyo yonke indawo. Lokhu kuholela ezinqumweni zesayensi ezengeziwe mayelana nobuningi bokudla kanye nezikhathi zokungenisa umoya, okuqinisekisa indawo enhle yazo zonke izinhlobo.
3. IMalaysia: Amapulazi Ezinhlanzi Ezihlobisayo
   • Inselele: Izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa ezinenani eliphezulu njenge-Arowana ne-Koi zinezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zekhwalithi yamanzi. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo okuncane kungathinta umbala nesimo sazo, kunciphisa kakhulu inani lazo.
   • Ukusetshenziswa: Izinzwa ze-DO ezinembe kakhulu zisetshenziswa emathangini amancane ekhonkrithi noma ezinhlelweni ze-indoor Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Lezi zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokujova umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile ukuze kugcinwe i-DO isezingeni elifanele nelizinzile, kuqinisekiswe ikhwalithi nempilo yezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa.

3. Isifinyezo Senani Eliyinhloko Elihlinzekwe Yisicelo

4. Izinselele kanye Nezindlela Zesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kokusetshenziswa kabanzi, kusenezinye izinselele:

• Izindleko Zokuqala Zokutshalwa Kwezimali: Uhlelo oluphelele lwe-IoT lusamelela izindleko ezinkulu kubalimi abancane, ngabanye.
• Ukugcinwa Kwezinzwa: Izinzwa zidinga ukuhlanzwa njalo (ukuvimbela ukungcoliswa kwezinto eziphilayo) kanye nokulinganiswa, okudinga izinga elithile lekhono lobuchwepheshe kubasebenzisi.
• Ukumbozwa Kwenethiwekhi: Izimpawu zenethiwekhi zingase zingazinzi kwezinye izindawo zokulima ezikude.

Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo:

1. Ukwehla Kwezindleko Zezinzwa Nokwanda Kobuchwepheshe: Amanani azoba angabizi kakhulu ngenxa yentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kanye nomnotho wesilinganiso.
2. Ama-Probe Ahlanganisiwe Anezipharamitha Eziningi: Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa ze-DO, i-pH, izinga lokushisa, i-ammonia, usawoti, njll., ku-probe eyodwa ukuze kuhlinzekwe iphrofayili ephelele yekhwalithi yamanzi.
3. I-AI kanye ne-Big Data Analytics: Ukuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa hhayi nje kuphela ukuxwayisa kodwa futhi nokubikezela izitayela zekhwalithi yamanzi nokunikeza izeluleko zokuphatha ezihlakaniphile (isb., ukuphefumula okubikezelayo).
4. Imodeli ethi “Izinzwa-njengesevisi”: Ukuvela kwabahlinzeki bezinsizakalo lapho abalimi bekhokha khona imali yesevisi esikhundleni sokuthenga ihadiwe, lapho umhlinzeki ephatha ukulungiswa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha.
5. Singaphinde sinikeze izixazululo ezahlukahlukene ze

   1. Imitha ephathwayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi

   2. Uhlelo lwe-Floating Buoy lwekhwalithi yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi

   3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza elizenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi enamapharamitha amaningi

   4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye nemodyuli engenantambo yesofthiwe, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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