Enkambisweni yokuthuthukiswa kwezolimo, amandla esayensi nobuchwepheshe ahlala eshintsha indlela yokulima yendabuko. Njengamanje, kuvela inzwa yomhlabathi entsha enekhono, enezinzuzo zayo zobuchwepheshe ezihlukile eyilethe izinguquko ezingakaze zibonwe ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, futhi kancane kancane iba ngumuntu ofanele iningi labalimi ukwandisa umkhiqizo nokukhulisa imali engenayo nokufeza intuthuko esimeme.
Ukuqonda okunembile, shayela ukukhushulwa kokukhiqiza
Esizindeni sokutshala okusanhlamvu e-United States, abalimi babevame ukwahlulela izimo zenhlabathi ngokuhlangenwe nakho, futhi imiphumela yokutshala yayixubene. Ngokufakwa kwezinzwa zomhlabathi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza, isimo sashintsha ngokuphelele. Inzwa isebenzisa isimiso sokuzwa umswakama ukuze iqaphe umswakama wenhlabathi, usawoti, i-pH nezinye izinkomba ezibalulekile ngesikhathi sangempela ngokunemba okukhulu. Isibonelo, endaweni yokutshala ummbila, inzwa iyazwela usawoti ophezulu wendawo wenhlabathi, futhi abalimi balungisa ngokushesha isu lokunisela ngokwempendulo, bandise umzamo wokuhlanza, futhi banciphise ukuvinjelwa kosawoti ekukhuleni kommbila. Ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ukukhiqizwa kommbila esifundeni kwakuphakeme ngo-28% kunonyaka odlule, futhi okusanhlamvu kwakugcwele futhi kusezingeni elihle. Lo mphumela omangalisayo ubonisa ngokugcwele ikhono elivelele lezinzwa zomhlabathi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza umanyolo ukuqondisa ngokunembile ukutshala nokusebenzisa umkhiqizo omkhulu wezwe.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinsizakusebenza ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko zokukhiqiza
Ukulawulwa kwezindleko kuyisixhumanisi esiyinhloko sokusebenza kwezolimo. Epulazini lemifino eCambodia, umnikazi wayekhungathekile yizindleko eziphezulu zokunisela nokufaka umanyolo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-capacitive soil sensor sekuyisihluthulelo sokuqeda inkinga. Ukuqapha ngokunembile umswakama wenhlabathi ngama-sensor kwenza ukunisela kungasaboni. Lapho umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi komkhawulo wesidingo sezitshalo, uhlelo lokunisela oluzenzakalelayo luqala ngokunembile futhi lulungisa inani lamanzi ngobuhlakani ngokusekelwe kudatha ye-sensor, kugwenywe ukumoshwa kwemithombo yamanzi. Ngokuphathelene nokufaka umanyolo, idatha yezakhamzimba zomhlabathi enikezwe ama-sensor isize abalimi ukusebenzisa umanyolo lapho kudingeka, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ngamaphesenti angama-22. Ngale ndlela, ngenkathi kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ipaki inomkhiqizo wemifino ozinzile kanye nekhwalithi engcono, futhi ithole ukwandiswa kwezinzuzo zomnotho.
Intuthuko eluhlaza ukuze imelane nokushaqeka kwesimo sezulu
Njengoba sibhekene nenselele enkulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, intuthuko eqhubekayo yezolimo iseduze. Kwesinye isifunda sezithelo e-Australia, isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu esivame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwezihlahla zezithelo. Izinzwa zomhlabathi ezinamandla zidlala indima ebalulekile lapha. Ngezikhathi zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nesomiso, inzwa ilandelela izinguquko zomswakama wenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi abalimi bagcwalisa amanzi ezihlahla zezithelo ngesikhathi, okunciphisa ngempumelelo umthelela wesomiso. Ngemva kwezimvula ezinkulu kanye nezikhukhula, inzwa iphendula ngokushesha izinguquko ze-pH yenhlabathi kanye nokuvuleka komoya, futhi abalimi bathatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ngokufanele ukuqinisekisa impilo yezimpande zezihlahla zezithelo. Ngosizo lwezinzwa, ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo endaweni ekhiqizayo kuhlala kuzinzile esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukungcola kwemvelo okubangelwa ukunisela okungafanele kanye nokufaka umanyolo, futhi kukhuthaze intuthuko eluhlaza neqhubekayo yezolimo.
Ochwepheshe bezolimo ngokuvamile bakholelwa ukuthi izinzwa zomhlabathi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza ziholela ezolimo enkathini entsha yokutshala ngokunemba ngokusebenza kahle kokuqapha, imiphumela ebalulekile yokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokusekelwa okuqinile kwentuthuko esimeme. Ngokukhuthazwa okukhulu kanye nokusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe, kulindeleke ukuthi kuthuthukise ngokuphelele ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wezolimo, kudaleke izinzuzo eziningi kakhulu kubalimi, futhi kuvikele indawo yezolimo yemvelo. Kukholelwa ukuthi maduze nje, izinzwa zomhlabathi ezikwazi ukukhiqiza zizoba yindinganiso ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, kusize imboni yezolimo ukuthi ifinyelele igxathu elisha phambili.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-11-2025