Ayini ama-PFA? Konke okudingeka ukwazi
Landela ibhulogi yethu yezindaba ebukhoma yase-Australia ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zakamuva
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I-Australia ingaqinisa imithetho ephathelene namazinga amukelekayo amakhemikhali abalulekile e-PFAS emanzini okuphuza, yehlise inani lamakhemikhali okuthiwa ahlala njalo avunyelwe ngelitha.
I-National Health and Medical Research Council ngoMsombuluko ikhiphe iziqondiso ezisalungiswa ezibuyekeza imikhawulo yamakhemikhali amane e-PFAS emanzini okuphuza.
I-PFAS (izinto ze-per- kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl), uhlobo lwezinhlobo eziningana zamakhemikhali, ngezinye izikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi “amakhemikhali angunaphakade” njengoba eqhubeka emvelweni isikhathi eside futhi kunzima ukuwabhubhisa kunezinto ezifana noshukela noma amaprotheni. Ukuchayeka kwe-PFAS kubanzi futhi akugcini emanzini okuphuza.
Bhalisela i-imeyili yezindaba zakamuva ze-Guardian Australia
Iziqondiso ezisalungiswa zibeke izincomo zemikhawulo ye-PFAS emanzini okuphuza esikhathini sokuphila komuntu.
Ngaphansi kohlaka, umkhawulo we-PFOA - inhlanganisela esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-Teflon - uzokwehliswa kusuka ku-560 ng/L uye ku-200 ng/L, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bemiphumela yabo ebangela umdlavuza.
Ngokusekelwe ekukhathazekeni okusha mayelana nemiphumela yomnkantsha wamathambo, imikhawulo ye-PFOS – eyayiyisithako esiyinhloko esivikelweni sendwangu iScotchgard – yayizoncishiswa kusukela ku-70 ng/L kuya ku-4 ng/L.
NgoDisemba ngonyaka odlule, i-International Agency for Research on Cancer yahlukanisa i-PFOA njengebangela umdlavuza kubantu - esigabeni esifanayo nokuphuza utshwala nokungcoliswa komoya wangaphandle - kanye ne-PFOS njengebangela "umdlavuza" "okungenzeka".
Lezi ziqondiso ziphakamisa nemikhawulo emisha yamakhemikhali amabili e-PFAS ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bemiphumela ye-thyroid, engu-30ng/L ye-PFHxS kanye no-1000 ng/L ye-PFBS. I-PFBS isetshenziswe njengendawo ye-PFOS eScotchgard kusukela ngo-2023.
Isikhulu esiphezulu se-NHMRC, uSolwazi Steve Wesselingh, uthe esithangamini nabezindaba ukuthi imingcele emisha ibekwe ngokusekelwe ebufakazini obuvela ezifundweni zezilwane. “Okwamanje asikholelwa ukuthi kunezifundo zabantu ezisezingeni elanele lokusiqondisa ekuthuthukiseni lezi zinombolo,” kusho yena.
Umkhawulo we-PFOS ohlongozwayo uzohambisana neziqondiso zase-US, kanti umkhawulo we-PFOA wase-Australia usazoba phezulu.
“Akuyona into engavamile ukuthi izindinganiso zesiqondiso zihluke kuye ngezwe emhlabeni wonke ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezahlukene kanye nemigomo esetshenzisiwe,” kusho uWesseleigh.
I-US ihlose ukungabi namazinga aphelele ezinhlanganisela ezibangela umdlavuza, kuyilapho abalawuli base-Australia bethatha indlela "yemodeli yomkhawulo".
“Uma sifinyelela ngaphansi kwalelo zinga, sikholelwa ukuthi ayikho ingozi yokuthi leyo nto ibangele inkinga etholakele, kungaba izinkinga ze-thyroid, izinkinga zomnkantsha noma umdlavuza,” kusho uWesseleigh.
I-NHMRC icabangele ukubeka umkhawulo wamanzi okuphuza we-PFAS ohlangene kodwa yakubona kungenakwenzeka uma kucatshangelwa inani lamakhemikhali e-PFAS. “Kunenani elikhulu kakhulu le-PFAS, futhi asinalo ulwazi oluyingozi ngobuningi bawo,” kusho uDkt. David Cunliffe, umeluleki oyinhloko wekhwalithi yamanzi womnyango wezempilo waseNingizimu Afrika. “Sithathe le ndlela yokukhiqiza amanani eziqondiso zomuntu ngamunye kulabo be-PFAS lapho kukhona khona idatha etholakalayo.”
Ukuphathwa kwe-PFAS kwabelwana phakathi kukahulumeni wobumbano kanye nesifundazwe nezindawo, okulawula ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi.
UDkt. Daniel Deere, umeluleki wezamanzi nezempilo kwa-Water Futures, uthe abantu base-Australia babengenaso isidingo sokukhathazeka nge-PFAS emanzini okuphuza omphakathi ngaphandle kokuthi baziswe ngokuqondile. “Sinenhlanhla e-Australia ngoba asinawo amanzi amaningi athintekile yi-PFAS, futhi kufanele ukhathazeke kuphela uma welulekwa ngokuqondile yiziphathimandla.”
Ngaphandle kokuthi kwelulekwe ngenye indlela, "kwakungekho nzuzo ekusebenziseni eminye imithombo yamanzi, njengamanzi asemabhodleleni, izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi zasekhaya, izihlungi zamanzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu, amathangi amanzi emvula endawo noma imigodi yamanzi," kusho uDeere esitatimendeni.
“Abantu base-Australia bangaqhubeka nokuzizwa beqiniseka ukuthi i-Australian Drinking Water Guidelines ifaka isayensi yakamuva neqinile kakhulu ukusekela ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza,” kusho uSolwazi Stuart Khan, inhloko yeSikole Sobunjiniyela Bokwakha eNyuvesi yaseSydney, esitatimendeni.
I-NHMRC ibeke phambili ukubuyekezwa kweziqondiso zase-Australia mayelana ne-PFAS emanzini okuphuza ngasekupheleni kuka-2022. Iziqondiso azizange zibuyekezwe kusukela ngo-2018.
Iziqondiso ezisalungiswa zizohlala zingekho ukuze umphakathi uxoxe ngazo kuze kube ngumhla zingama-22 kuLwezi.
Eqinisweni, singasebenzisa izinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ukuthola ikhwalithi yamanzi, singanikeza izinzwa ezahlukahlukene ukukala amapharamitha ahlukene emanzini ukuze ubhekisele kuwo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-02-2024