Ayini ama-PFA? Konke odinga ukukwazi
Landela ibhulogi yethu yezindaba yase-Australia ukuze uthole izibuyekezo zakamuva
Thola i-imeyili yethu yezindaba eziphambili, uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala noma i-podcast yezindaba yansuku zonke
I-Australia ingaqinisa imithetho ephathelene namazinga amukelekayo amakhemikhali e-PFAS abalulekile emanzini okuphuza, yehlise inani lalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amakhemikhali angunaphakade avunyelwe ilitha ngalinye.
UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezempilo Nezokwelapha NgoMsombuluko ukhiphe imihlahlandlela esalungiswa ebuyekeza imikhawulo yamakhemikhali amane e-PFAS emanzini okuphuza.
I-PFAS (i-per- kanye ne-polyfluoroalkyl substances), ikilasi lamakhompiyutha ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kwesinye isikhathi abizwa ngokuthi “amakhemikhali angunaphakade” njengoba ephikelela endaweni isikhathi eside futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuwacekela phansi kunezinto ezinjengoshukela noma amaprotheni. Ukuchayeka kwe-PFAS kubanzi futhi akugcini nje emanzini okuphuza.
Bhalisela i-imeyili yezindaba eziphambili ze-Guardian Australia
Imihlahlandlela esalungiswa ibeka izincomo zemikhawulo ye-PFAS emanzini okuphuza esikhathini sokuphila komuntu.
Ngaphansi kohlaka, umkhawulo we-PFOA - inhlanganisela esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-Teflon - izokwehliswa isuka ku-560 ng/L iye ku-200 ng/L, ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bemiphumela yabo ebangela umdlavuza.
Ngokusekelwe ekukhathazekeni okusha ngemiphumela yomnkantsha wamathambo, imikhawulo ye-PFOS - phambilini ebiyisithako esibalulekile kusivikeli sendwangu i-Scotchgard - izonqanyulwa isuka ku-70 ng/L iye ku-4 ng/L.
NgoDisemba wonyaka odlule, i-International Agency for Research on Cancer yahlukanisa i-PFOA njengebanga umdlavuza kubantu - esigabeni esifanayo nokuphuza utshwala nokungcoliswa komoya ngaphandle - kanye ne-PFOS ngokuthi "okungenzeka" i-carcinogenic.
Imihlahlandlela iphinde iphakamise imikhawulo emisha yezinhlanganisela ezimbili ze-PFAS ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bemiphumela yegilo, ye-30ng/L ye-PFHxS kanye ne-1000 ng/L ye-PFBS. I-PFBS isetshenziswe esikhundleni se-PFOS eScotchgard kusukela ngo-2023.
Isikhulu esiphezulu se-NHMRC, uProf Steve Wesselingh, uthe esithangamini nabezindaba ukuthi imingcele emisha ibekwe ngokusekelwe ebufakazini bezifundo zezilwane. “Okwamanje asikholwa ukuthi kukhona izifundo zabantu ezisezingeni elanele ezingasikhomba ekuthuthukiseni lezi zibalo,” kusho yena.
Umkhawulo ohlongozwayo we-PFOS uzohambisana neziqondiso zase-US, kuyilapho umkhawulo wase-Australia we-PFOA usazoba phezulu.
"Akuyona into engavamile ukuthi amanani ezinkombandlela ahluke emazweni ngamazwe emhlabeni jikelele ngokusekelwe ezindleleni ezihlukene neziphetho ezisetshenzisiwe," kusho u-Wesseleigh.
I-US ihlose ukuthi i-zero concentrations ye-carcinogenic compounds, kuyilapho abalawuli base-Australia bethatha indlela "yemodeli ye-threshold".
"Uma sifika ngaphansi kwalelo zinga le-threshold, sikholelwa ukuthi ayikho ingozi yaleyo nto ebangela inkinga ekhonjiwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinkinga ze-thyroid, izinkinga zomnkantsha noma umdlavuza," kusho u-Wesseleigh.
I-NHMRC icabange ukubeka umkhawulo wamanzi okuphuza we-PFAS ohlanganisiwe kodwa yakubona kungenangqondo uma kubhekwa izinombolo zamakhemikhali e-PFAS. "Kunezibalo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-PFAS, futhi asinalo ulwazi oluphathelene nobuthi iningi labo," kusho uDkt David Cunliffe, umeluleki oyinhloko wezinga lamanzi emnyangweni wezempilo waseNingizimu Afrika, kusho uDkt. "Sithathe le ndlela yokukhiqiza amanani ezinkombandlela zomuntu ngamunye kulawo ma-PFAS lapho kunedatha etholakalayo."
Ukuphathwa kwe-PFAS kwabelwana phakathi kukahulumeni wobumbano kanye nesifunda nezindawo, ezilawula ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi.
UDkt Daniel Deere, umeluleki wamanzi nempilo kwaWater Futures, uthe abantu base-Australia babengenaso isidingo sokukhathazeka nge-PFAS emanzini okuphuza omphakathi ngaphandle kokuthi baziswe ngokuqondile. “Sinenhlanhla e-Australia ngokuthi asinawo amanzi athintwa yi-PFAS, futhi kufanele ukhathazeke kuphela uma welulekwa ngokuqondile yiziphathimandla.
Ngaphandle kwalapho kucelwe ngenye indlela, “kwakungekho nzuzo ekusebenziseni enye imithombo yamanzi, njengamanzi asemabhodleleni, izinhlelo zokuhlanza amanzi asendlini, izihlungi zamanzi ezisebhentshini, amathangi amanzi emvula endawo noma amabhore,” kusho uDeere esitatimendeni.
"Abantu base-Australia bangaqhubeka bezizwa beqiniseka ukuthi i-Australian Drinking Water Guidelines ihlanganisa isayensi yakamuva futhi enamandla kunazo zonke ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza," kusho uProf Stuart Khan, oyinhloko yeSikole Sobunjiniyela Bomphakathi eNyuvesi yaseSydney, esitatimendeni.
I-NHMRC ibeke phambili ukubuyekezwa kwemihlahlandlela yase-Australia ku-PFAS emanzini okuphuza ngasekupheleni kuka-2022. Imihlahlandlela ibingakabuyekezwa kusukela ngo-2018.
Uhlaka lwezinkombandlela luzohlala lungekho ukuze kuboniswane nomphakathi kuze kube umhla zingama-22 kuLwezi.
Eqinisweni, singasebenzisa izinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ukuze sibone ikhwalithi yamanzi, singahlinzeka ngezinzwa ezihlukahlukene ukuze silinganise amapharamitha ahlukene emanzini ukuze uthole inkomba yakho.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Dec-02-2024