Isingeniso
IBrazil inenethiwekhi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yemifula kanye nemithombo yamanzi eminingi, kodwa ukusatshalaliswa kwayo akulingana kakhulu. Ukuqapha kwamanzi ngendlela efanele nangokunembile kubalulekile kule "bhasikidi lesinkwa somhlaba wonke" kanye nesikhungo esinamandla sezimboni, okuthinta ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi, ukunisela kwezolimo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla, kanye nokulawulwa kwezikhukhula. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amamitha okugeleza kweradar angathintani nomkhiqizo waseShayina iHonde kanye nama-radar level gauges angene ngempumelelo emakethe yaseBrazil, athola ukuthandwa ngenxa yobuchwepheshe bawo obuthuthukisiwe, ukuzinza okumangalisayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphakeme. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kabanzi kuzo zonke izizinda ezinkulu zemifula kufake umfutho omusha wezobuchwepheshe ekwakhiweni kwesimanje kwezimboni nezolimo eBrazil.
I. Amacala Okusetshenziswa: Ukufakwa Okuvamile Kwezinzwa Ze-Honde Hydrological eBrazil
Icala 1: Ukuphathwa Kwezolimo Eziniselwayo Ezinkulu Esigodini Somfula iSão Francisco
- Ingemuva: UMfula iSão Francisco “ungumfula wokuphila” eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil eyomile kancane, osekela amaphrojekthi amaningi amakhulu okunisela ogwini lwayo. Ukulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lamanzi kanye nokugeleza kwawo eziteshini zokunisela kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi ngokulinganayo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle. Izinzwa zokuthintana zendabuko zivame ukuvaleka ukhula kanye nenhlabathi, okuholela ezindleleni eziphezulu zokulungisa.
- Isixazululo: Ikomidi lokuphatha isifunda somfula lithumele inani elikhulu lama-radar level gauges aseShayina iHonde kanye namamitha okugeleza avulekile e-radar ezindaweni ezibalulekile zemisele emikhulu neyesibili.
- Imodeli Yokusebenza: Njengoba ibekwe ngaphezu kweziteshi, izinzwa ze-radar zilinganisa njalo izinga lamanzi ngaphandle kokuthintana. Izinga lokugeleza kwesikhathi sangempela libalwa kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms akhelwe ngaphakathi kanye nedatha yejiyometri yeziteshi. Idatha idluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo ngamanethiwekhi e-4G/NB-IoT kuya epulatifomu yokuthumela imithombo yamanzi ephakathi.
- Imiphumela:
- Ukusatshalaliswa Kwamanzi Okunembile: Isikhungo sokuthumela amanzi singaqapha ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela endaweni ngayinye, sivumele ukwabiwa kwamanzi okunembile, okufunwayo kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza kanye nezingxabano phakathi kwabasebenzisi abaphezulu nabaphansi komfula.
- Ukulungiswa Okungathintani, Okuphansi: Ubuchwepheshe be-radar buqeda ngokuphelele ukungalungi kokulinganisa kanye nomonakalo wedivayisi obangelwa ukuthungwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, okunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokusebenza, ukugcinwa, kanye nezabasebenzi.
- Ukwanda Komkhiqizo Wezolimo: Kuqinisekisa ukunisela okwanele phakathi nezigaba ezibalulekile zokukhula kwezitshalo, kukhulisa isivuno sezolimo kanye nemali engenayo yabalimi esifundeni sokunisela.
Icala 2: Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezitshalo Zamandla Kagesi Emanzini Esigodini Somfula iParaná
- Ingemuva: UMfula iParaná “uyi-power corridor” yaseBrazil, egcwele izitshalo zikagesi zamanzi. Ukusebenza kahle kwezitshalo kuncike kakhulu kudatha enembile yokungena kwamanzi emachibini kanye nezinga lamanzi ase-forebay. Izinga lokucindezela lendabuko livame ukukhukhuleka futhi lidinga ukulinganiswa njalo.
- Isixazululo: Izitshalo ezinkulu zikagesi ezisebenzisa amanzi zethula ama-radar level gauges kaHonde anembile kakhulu ukuze kuqashwe amazinga e-reservoir kanye ne-forebay, kanye namamitha okugeleza kwe-radar ukuze kuqashwe ukukhishwa kwe-turbine.
- Imodeli Yokusebenza: Amageyiji e-radar level afakwa ezakhiweni zamadamu noma emabhange azinzile, ahlinzeka ngedatha yezinga eliqondile nelizinzile elingamamilimitha. Le datha ifakwa ngqo ohlelweni lokulawula oluphakathi lwesitshalo (i-DCS/SCADA) ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulandelana kokuqala kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla kwamayunithi akhiqizayo.
- Imiphumela:
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kokukhiqiza Ugesi Okuthuthukisiwe: Idatha enembile kakhulu yekhanda (umehluko wamazinga amanzi) kanye nokugeleza kwamanzi kuvumela izitshalo ukubala amasu okukhiqiza afanele, zikhulise umkhiqizo wamandla futhi zikhiqize izigidi zamaRandi ezinzuzweni zomnotho zonyaka.
- Ukuphepha Kwedamu Okuthuthukisiwe: Ukuqapha okuthembekile amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto kunikeza idatha ebalulekile yokuhlola ukuphepha kwesakhiwo sedamu.
- Isekela Ukuthunyelwa Kwegridi: Ukubikezela okunembile kwamanzi kunikeza izibikezelo zokukhishwa kwamandla okuthembekile kumqhubi wegridi kazwelonke, okuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwegridi.
Icala 3: Ukulawulwa Kwezikhukhula Nokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi Emadolobheni Ezimboni AseNingizimu-mpumalanga
- Ingemuva: Amadolobha afana neRio de Janeiro neBelo Horizonte abhekene nezikhukhula ezinkulu zasemadolobheni kanye nokungcola okuhlanganisiwe kokugcwala kwendle (CSO) ngesikhathi semvula. Ukuqapha izinga kanye nesivinini emapayipini okudonsa amanzi kanye nemifula kubalulekile ukuze kube nezixwayiso ezifika ngesikhathi kanye nokuhlolwa komthwalo wokungcola.
- Isixazululo: Iminyango kamasipala ifake amamitha okugeleza/amazinga e-radar e-Honde ezindaweni zokukhipha amanzi ezibalulekile kanye nokunciphisa imifula.
- Imodeli Yohlelo Lokusebenza: Idatha yenzwa ihlanganiswe nepulatifomu yamanzi ahlakaniphile yedolobha. Ama-alamu avulwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho amazinga noma ukugeleza kudlula imingcele, futhi angaxhunyaniswa namakhamera ukuze aqophe izimo zesayithi.
- Imiphumela:
- Isexwayiso Sangaphambi Kwezikhukhula: Sinikeza iminyango yokuphathwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zasemadolobheni isikhathi esibalulekile sokuhola ukuze isuse abantu futhi isebenzise izinsiza.
- Ukulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwemvelo: Kubala inani eliphelele lokuchichima ngesikhathi seziphepho, kuhlinzekwe ngemininingwane yezinhlangano zezemvelo ukuze zilandelele imithombo yokungcola, zihlole umonakalo wemvelo, futhi zihlele ingqalasizinda yokwelapha amanzi angcolile.
- Izivikelo Zokukhiqizwa Kwezimboni: Kunciphisa ingozi yokuvalwa kwefektri kanye nokumiswa kokukhiqiza ngenxa yokungena kwezikhukhula.
II. Umthelela Omkhulu Embonini Nakwezolimo ZaseBrazil
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zamanzi zaseShayina iHonde kulethe ushintsho oluhlelekile, okudlulela ngale kokushintsha idivayisi kalula:
1. Umthelela Kwezolimo: Ukuqhuba Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yamanzi Okunembile
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kokunisela Okuguqukile: Kwavumela ukugxuma kusuka “ekuniseleni ngezikhukhula ezinzima” kuya “ekuniseleni ngokucwilisa okufunwayo,” okunciphisa kakhulu ingcindezi yamanzi ezolimo eNyakatho-mpumalanga evame ukuba nesomiso, okuvikela ngqo ukuphepha kokudla kuzwelonke kanye namandla okuthumela kwamanye amazwe.
- Izindleko Zokusebenza Kwezolimo Ezincishisiwe: Ukunganakekelwa okuphansi kwezinzwa ezingathintani konge izindleko ezinkulu kuma-cooperative kanye nezinhlangano zamanzi ekuhlolweni ngesandla nasekugcinweni kwemishini.
- Ukukhuthazwa Kwezolimo Ezinenani Eliphezulu: Ukutholakala kwamanzi okuthembekile kwandise ukuzethemba kwabatshalizimali, kwakhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezitshalo ezinenani eliphezulu njengezithelo zamagilebhisi ezidinga ukunisela okunembile, ngaleyo ndlela kwathuthukisa isakhiwo sezolimo.
2. Umthelela Embonini Nasezandleni: Ukuvumela Ukusebenza Kahle Nokuphepha
- Ukukhishwa Kwamandla Avuselelekayo Okuphezulu: Kunikeze amakhono okuqapha athuthukisiwe ezitshalweni zikagesi zamanzi, "inhliziyo" yesistimu yamandla yaseBrazil, kuthuthukisa ngqo ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlanganisa ubuholi beBrazil emhlabeni wonke kumandla kagesi wamanzi.
- Ukunikezwa Kwamanzi Ezimboni Okuqinisekisiwe: Kuhlinzekwe ngezixazululo zokuqapha amanzi nokuthola imithombo ezithembekile zezimboni ezisebenzisa amanzi amaningi njengezimayini, i-metallurgy, kanye nephepha, okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza kanye nokuqina.
- Ukuqina Kwengqalasizinda Okuthuthukisiwe: Kuqiniswe ikhono lamadolobha nezindawo zezimboni lokubhekana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, kuvikela izigidigidi zamaRandi ezimpahla zezimboni ezinsongelweni zezikhukhula.
3. Umthelela Wesu Elibanzi
- Ukwenziwa Kwentando Yeningi Kwezobuchwepheshe: Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe baseShayina kwaphula ukubusa kwemikhiqizo yaseYurophu naseMelika isikhathi eside ekuqapheni okunembile kwamanzi, okwenza ubuchwepheshe bezinga lomhlaba bufinyeleleke ezikhungweni zaseBrazil kuzo zonke izigaba ngentengo enengqondo, okusheshisa ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwenethiwekhi yokuqapha kazwelonke.
- Ukwenza Izinqumo Eziqhutshwa Yidatha: Kwakhiwe inethiwekhi "yokuphela kwemizwa yedijithali" ehlanganisa izikhungo zamanzi ezibalulekile zikazwelonke, ihlinzeka ngemininingwane yedatha engakaze ibonwe kanye nokuthembeka kokuhlelwa kwemithombo yamanzi ezingeni likazwelonke kanye namaphrojekthi okudlulisa amanzi phakathi kwezizinda (njengokuhlelelwa koMfula iSão Francisco).
- Ukubambisana Kobuchwepheshe Kwase-Sino-Brazil Okukhuthazwayo: Izifundo ezinjalo eziphumelelayo zakha ukwethembana kokubambisana okujulile emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu (isb., ukugcinwa kwamanzi ahlakaniphile, i-IoT, amandla amasha), okudlulela ngale kokuhweba okumsulwa kuya ku-R&D ehlangene yezixazululo zobuchwepheshe.
Isiphetho
Ukungeniswa kwezinzwa zokuqapha amanzi ze-radar ye-Honde yaseShayina yiBrazil kuyisibonelo esihle "sesidingo sokufanisa ubuchwepheshe." Lawa "mehlo aseShayina," afakwe emifuleni, emiseleni, nasemadamini, aqapha ngokuthula imithombo yamanzi yaseBrazil ngezici zawo ezingathintani, ezinembile kakhulu, nezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Awagcini nje ngokuletha izinzuzo eziqondile zomnotho njengokulondolozwa kwamanzi, ukwanda kwesivuno sezolimo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezimboni kanye nokuphepha kodwa futhi aqhuba ukuguqulwa kwedijithali nokuhlakaniphile kokuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi yaseBrazil ezingeni elijulile. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesizwe ekomeni nasezikhukhuleni futhi kuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sedatha esiqinile sentuthuko eqhubekayo yaseBrazil kanye nenzuzo yokuncintisana ezimakethe zezolimo nezamandla zomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amathuluzi obuchwepheshe obuphezulu "Enziwe Ngobuhlakani eShayina" adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu engqalasizinda ebalulekile yomhlaba wonke.
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