Ukusetshenziswa Kwezinzwa Zegesi Zokuqhuma Emkhakheni Wezimboni waseSaudi Arabia

Isakhiwo sezimboni saseSaudi Arabia sibuswa uwoyela, igesi yemvelo, amakhemikhali kaphethiloli, amakhemikhali nezimayini. Lezi zimboni ziveza ubungozi obubonakalayo bokuvuza kwegesi evuthayo, eqhumayo, kanye nobuthi. Ngakho-ke, izinzwa zegesi ezingaqhumi ziphakathi kwezingxenye eziphambili ezibaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zayo zokuphepha ezimbonini.

Isendlalelo secala kanye nezidingo ezibalulekile

• Izimo Zemboni: Lonke uchungechunge lokulethwa kukawoyela negesi e-Saudi Arabia—kusuka ekumbiweni nasekukhishweni komfula okhuphukayo ukuya kwezokuthutha nokucwengisiswa komfula ophakathi nendawo, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-petrochemical engezansi komfula—kubandakanya ama-hydrocarbon (i-methane, i-propane, ama-VOC, njll.) namagesi anobuthi (I-Hydrogen Sulfide H₂S, I-Carbon Monoxide CO, njll.).
• Izidingo Zemvelo: Lezi zindawo ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa njengezindawo Eziyingozi (Eziqhumayo). Noma iziphi izinto zikagesi ezisetshenziswayo kufanele zibe nesitifiketi sokuvikela ukuqhuma ukuze kunqandwe okokusebenza ekubeni umthombo wokuthungela.
• Abashayeli Abalawulayo: Izindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile ezivela ku-Saudi Arabian Standards Organisation kanye neziqhwaga zikazwelonke ezifana ne-Saudi Aramco (isb, amazinga e-SAES e-Aramco) zigunyaza ukufakwa kwamasistimu okuthola igesi aqinisekisiwe kuzo zonke izindawo eziyingozi.

Ikesi Elijwayelekile: Uhlelo Oludidiyelwe Lokuthola Igesi e-Saudi Aramco's Jazan Refinery

1. Uhlolojikelele lwephrojekthi:

• Indawo: Jazan Economic City, Saudi Arabia.
• Indawo: I-Jazan Refinery iyinkimbinkimbi enkulu edidiyelwe yokucwenga, amakhemikhali e-petrochemical, kanye nokuphehla ugesi.
• Inselele: Lesi sikhungo sicubungula amanani amakhulu kawoyela ongahluziwe onesulfure ephezulu, okusho ukuthi ingozi enkulu yokuvuza kwe-H₂S. Ukwengeza, sonke lesi sitshalo siqukethe imikhathi eminingi yegesi evuthayo. Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, indawo yasogwini enosawoti omningi idala izinselele ezinkulu ekuqineni kwemishini.

2. Izimo Zokusebenza Zezinzwa Zegesi Ezifaka Ukuqhuma:
Esikhungweni esikhulu kangaka, izinzwa zegesi ezingaqhumi zisetshenziswa emakhulwini ezindawo ezibalulekile:

• I-Pump kanye ne-Compressor Seals: Lezi zixhobo ezijikelezayo zingamaphuzu ajwayelekile avuzayo. I-Catalytic Bead noma izinzwa zokuvikela ukuqhuma kwe-infrared zifakwe ukuqapha amagesi avuthayo.
• Indawo Yethangi Lesitoreji (eduze nezikhala nezingalo ezilayishwayo): Izihwamuko zingakhishwa ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa komkhiqizo noma “ekuphefumuleni” ngenxa yokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Izinzwa zihlinzeka ngokuqapha okuqhubekayo lapha.
• Izindawo zeyunithi yenqubo (isb., ama-reactors, amakholomu okuhlukaniswa): Izitholi zegesi ezingashintshi zifakwa kuma-flange kanye noxhumo lwamavalvu lapho i-H₂S namagesi avuthayo angase abekhona. Lezi zinzwa zivame ukuba nesitifiketi Sokuphepha Kwangaphakathi (Ex i), okusho ukuthi azikwazi ukukhipha amandla anele ukuze zibangele ukuthungela, ngisho noma zehluleka ngenkathi zinikwe amandla.
• Indle Nezinhlelo Zokukhipha Indle: Lezi zikhala ezivalekile zingaqongelela amagesi avuthayo (isb, i-methane). Uhlobo lokusabalalisa noma izinzwa zokuvikela ukuqhuma ezisizwa yiPump zisetshenziselwa ukuqapha.
• Ama-air Intake Amagumbi Okulawula Nezindawo Zokukhosela: Izinzwa zifakwa ezindaweni zokungena umoya kulezi zakhiwo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudonswa kwamagesi anobuthi noma avuthayo ngaphakathi, kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezisebenzi.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa kanye nezinhlobo zobufakazi bokuqhuma:

• Izimiso Zobuchwepheshe:
  • Amagesi Avuthayo: Ngokuyinhloko kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-Catalytic Bead kanye ne-Non-Dispersive Infrared. I-NDIR iya ngokuya ithandwa ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ngenxa yokungavikeleki kwayo ekuncishweni komoyampilo nempilo ende.
  • Amagesi Anobuthi (isb, H₂S): Ikakhulukazi kusetshenziswa izinzwa ze-Electrochemical.
• Ukuqinisekiswa Kobufakazi Bokuqhuma: Izisetshenziswa zase-Saudi Arabia ngokuvamile zidinga ukuhlangabezana namazinga wamazwe ngamazwe (njenge-ATEX, IECEx) nesitifiketi sendawo. Izinhlobo zokuvikela ezijwayelekile zifaka:
  • I-Ex d [I-Flameproof]: Indawo ebiyelwe ingakwazi ukumelana nokuqhuma kwangaphakathi ngaphandle kokulimala futhi ivimbele ukudluliswa kwelangabi emkhathini wangaphandle.
  • I-Ex e [Ukuphepha Okunyusiwe]: Izinyathelo ezengeziwe zisetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuba nokwenzeka kwama-arcs, izinhlansi, noma izinga lokushisa elidlulele.
  • Ex i [Intrinsic Safety]: Ukuphepha kuqinisekiswa ngokukhawulela amandla kagesi kusekethe. Leli elinye lamazinga aphezulu kakhulu okuvikela, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa izinzwa ezidinga ukunakekelwa okubukhoma ensimini.

4. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu Nokusetshenziswa Kwedatha:
Lezi zinzwa ezivikela ukuqhuma azisebenzi zodwa kodwa zixhunywe Kusistimu Yokulawula Ukutholwa Kwegesi ebanzi.

• Ukwethusa Kwesikhathi Sangempela: Uma inzwa ithola ukugxila kwegesi kufinyelela kuleveli ye-alamu esethiwe, icupha ama-alamu azwakalayo nabonakalayo kugumbi lokulawula elimaphakathi, ikhomba indawo evuzayo.
• Ukuvala/Ukulawula Okuzenzakalelayo: Uhlelo lungaqalisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinqubo eziphuthumayo, ezifana nalezi:
• Ukwenza kusebenze amasistimu okungenisa umoya endaweni evuzayo.
• • Ukuvala ngokuzenzakalela amavalufu afanele wokuvala phansi Kwezimo Eziphuthumayo.
  • Ukumisa amaphampu aseduze noma ama-compressor.
• Ukungena Kwedatha Nokuhlaziya: Yonke idatha ifakiwe futhi ihlaziywe ukuze ilungiswe kusengaphambili (isb, ukuhlonza izinto zokusebenza ezinokuvuza okuncane okuvamisile), ukuthuthukisa imizila yokugada, kanye nokwenza ukuhlola kokuphepha.

Izinselele kanye Nezitayela Zesikhathi esizayo

1. Ukuqina Kwendawo Ezungezile: Isimo sezulu esibi sase-Saudi Arabia (izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, isihlabathi, ukugqwala kukasawoti) sivivinya kakhulu izinto zezindlu, ukusebenza kokuvala, nokuzinza kwezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Izisetshenziswa zidinga Isilinganiso esiphezulu Sokuvikela Kwangaphakathi (IP).
2. Ukunciphisa Izindleko Ziphelele Zobunikazi: Lokhu kufaka phakathi izindleko zokulinganisa, ukunakekelwa, nokushintshwa kwenzwa. Ithrendi yesikhathi esizayo ibheke kubuchwepheshe obuzinzile, obuhlala isikhathi eside (njenge-IR) nezinzwa ezihlakaniphile ezinamandla okuzihlola ezingabika amaphutha noma ukucekelwa phansi.
3. I-Smartization and Predictive Maintenance: Kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-IoT, izinzwa zegesi ezingaqhumi ziba yingxenye ye-Industrial 4.0. Ngokuhlaziya amathrendi edatha, isistimu ingaxwayisa ngokwehluleka okungenzeka kwemishiningaphambiliukugxila kwegesi kufinyelela emazingeni ayingozi, ukusuka ekuphenduleni okusebenzayo kuye ekuvimbeleni okusebenzayo.
4. Izinzwa Zokuqhunyiswa Okungenantambo: Ngokulungiswa kwezitshalo noma izindawo lapho izintambo zinzima khona, ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi ezingenazintambo eziqinisekisiwe kuba yisixazululo esingeziwe esiguquguqukayo nesisebenzayo.

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