Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-COD & Turbidity zokuqapha Ikhwalithi Yamanzi eVietnam

1. Isendlalelo

I-Vietnam, isizinda esibalulekile sezolimo nezimboni eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ibhekene nezinselelo ezinzima zokunukubezeka kwamanzi, ikakhulukazi ukungcoliswa kwemvelo (COD) kanye nezinto eziqinile ezimisiwe (turbidity) emifuleni, emachibini nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Ukuqapha kwekhwalithi yamanzi okujwayelekile kuncike ekuthathweni kwesampula ngelebhu, ehlushwa ukubambezeleka kwedatha, izindleko eziphezulu zabasebenzi, kanye nokufakwa okulinganiselwe.

Ngo-2022, uMnyango Wezemvelo kanye Nemvelo waseVietnam (i-MONRE) wathumela izinzwa zekhwalithi yamanzi ezinamapharamitha amaningi ezindaweni ezibucayi zamanzi ngaphesheya kwe-Red River Delta ne-Mekong Delta, egxile ku-Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) kanye nokuqapha kwe-Turbidity ukuze kunikwe amandla izexwayiso zokungcoliswa komhlaba kanye nokulandela umthombo.

2. Isixazululo Sobuchwepheshe

(1) Ukucaciswa Kwenzwa nezici

• Inzwa ye-COD: Isebenzisa i-UV-Vis spectroscopy (awekho ama-reagents adingekayo), ukulinganisa kwesikhathi sangempela (0-500 mg/L ububanzi, ±5% ukunemba).
• Inzwa ye-Turbidity: Ngokusekelwe ku-90° isimiso sokukhanya okuhlakazekile (0-1000 NTU, ±2% ukunemba), idizayini yokulwa ne-biofouling.
• Uhlelo Oludidiyelwe: Ihlanganisa izinzwa nokudluliswa okungenantambo kwe-LoRa/NB-IoT, ilayisha idatha endaweni yamafu enokubikezela kokungcola okunamandla e-AI.

(2) Izimo Zokuthunyelwa

• Izindawo zokulahla izimboni (i-Bac Ninh, izifundazwe zase-Dong Nai)
• Izisetshenziswa zasemadolobheni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile (iHanoi, Ho Chi Minh City)
• Izindawo ze-Aquaculture (Mekong Delta)

3. Imiphumela Ebalulekile

(1) Izaziso Zokungcoliswa Kwesikhathi Sangempela

• Ngo-2023, inzwa ku-Bac Ninh ithole ukukhuphuka kwe-COD kungazelelwe (kusuka ku-30mg/L kuya ku-120mg/L), okucupha isixwayiso esizenzakalelayo. Iziphathimandla zilandelele umthombo embonini yendwangu ephula imithetho yokukhipha impahla, okuholela ezijezisweni nezinyathelo zokulungisa.
• Idatha ye-turbidity isize ukwandisa umthamo we-flocculant ezitshalweni zamanzi okuphuza ngesikhathi sokuqhuma kwe-monsoon silt, kwehlise izindleko zokwelashwa ngo-10%.

(2) Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezamanzi

EsiFundazweni sase-Ben Tre, amanethiwekhi ezinzwa aguqule ngokushintshashintshayo ama-aera ukuze agcine i-turbidity engu-<20 NTU ne-COD engu-<15mg/L, okwandisa amazinga okusinda kwezimfanzi ngo-18%.

(3) Ukuhlaziywa Kwethrendi Yesikhathi Eside

Idatha yomlando ibonise ukwehla okungama-22% kumazinga e-COD amaphakathi (2022–2024) ezigabeni zoMfula Obomvu, okuqinisekisa Uhlelo Lokulawula Ukungcoliswa Kwamanzi lwase-Vietnam lwango-2021–2030.

4. Izinselelo Nezixazululo

5. Izinhlelo Zesikhathi esizayo

• 2025 Okuhlosiwe: Nweba izindawo zokuqapha ukusuka ku-150 kuye ku-500, okuhlanganisa imifula emikhulu engu-12.
• Ukuthuthukiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Inzwa yesathelayithi yokuhlola ukude + ukuhlanganiswa kwenzwa yaphansi ukuze kulandelelwe ukungcola okukhulu.
• Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenqubomgomo: Ukwabelana ngedatha okuqondile namaphoyisa wezemvelo waseVietnam ukuze kusetshenziswe ngokushesha.

6. Izinto Ezibalulekile Ezithathwayo

Icala laseVietnam libonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-COD-turbidity multi-sensor ziletha kanjani ukubaluleka okubalulekile ekulawuleni izimboni, ukuphepha kwamanzi okuphuza, kanye ne-aquaculture, enikeza isixazululo esingabizi, sesikhathi sangempela emazweni asathuthuka.

Futhi singahlinzeka ngezixazululo ezahlukahlukene

1. Imitha ephathwa ngesandla yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eningi

2. Isistimu ye-Buoy entantayo yekhwalithi yamanzi enepharamitha eminingi

3. Ibhulashi lokuhlanza okuzenzakalelayo lenzwa yamanzi yepharamitha eminingi

4. Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN

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