INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ebonakala ngesimo sezulu samahlathi ashisayo, imisebenzi yemvula evame kakhulu, kanye nezwe elinezintaba, ingesinye sezifunda ezivame kakhulu ezinhlekeleleni zezikhukhula zezintaba emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqapha kwemvula okungokwesiko kwephuzu elilodwa akusanele izidingo zesimanje zokuxwayisa kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusungula uhlelo oludidiyelwe lokuqapha nesixwayiso oluhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bendawo, isibhakabhaka, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusekelwe phansi. Umnyombo walolu hlelo uhlanganisa: izinzwa ze-hydrological radar (zokuqapha imvula enkulu), amageji emvula (ukulinganisa okunembile kwezinga eliphansi), kanye nezinzwa zokufuduka (zokuqapha izimo zejoloji endaweni).
Icala lesicelo eliphelele elilandelayo libonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezinzwa zisebenza kanjani ndawonye.
I. Indaba Yesicelo: Iphrojekthi Yesexwayiso Yangaphambi kwesikhathi Yezikhukhula Zezintaba kanye Nokudilika Kwenhlabathi Esigodini Samanzi sase-Java Island, e-Indonesia
1. Ingemuva lephrojekthi:
Amadolobhana asezintabeni emaphakathi ne-Java Island ahlala ehlaselwa yimvula enamandla, okuholela ezikhukhuleni ezihlala njalo ezintabeni kanye nokudilika kwenhlabathi okuhambisana nakho, okusongela kakhulu ukuphila, impahla, nengqalasizinda yezakhamuzi. Uhulumeni wasekhaya, ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, uqalise iphrojekthi ebanzi yokuqapha kanye nesixwayiso endaweni encane evamile yesifunda.
2. Ukucushwa Kwenzwa Nezindima:
- "Iso Lesibhakabhaka" - Izinzwa ze-Hydrological Radar (Ukuqapha Kwendawo)
- Iqhaza: Isibikezelo sethrendi ye-Macroscopic kanye nesilinganiso semvula yendawo engasenani namanzi.
- Ukuthunyelwa: Inethiwekhi yamarada amancane e-X-band noma i-C-band hydrological yasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphakeme eduze kwendawo yamanzi. Lawa ma-radar ahlola umkhathi kulo lonke umfula wamanzi ngokulungiswa kwe-spatiotemporal okuphezulu (isb, njalo ngemizuzu emi-5, igridi engu-500m × 500m), ukulinganisa amandla emvula, indlela yokunyakaza, kanye nesivinini.
- Isicelo:
- I-radar ithola ifu elinamandla lemvula elihamba libheke endaweni enamanzi ephezulu bese ibala ukuthi izovala yonke indawo yamanzi phakathi nemizuzu engama-60, ngesilinganiso sendawo esilinganisiwe sobukhulu bemvula obungaphezu kuka-40 mm/h. Uhlelo luzikhiphela ngokuzenzakalelayo isexwayiso seZinga 1 (Ukwelulekwa), sazise iziteshi eziqaphayo kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha ukuze balungiselele ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha kanye nezimpendulo eziphuthumayo.
- Idatha ye-radar ihlinzeka ngemephu yokusabalalisa imvula yayo yonke indawo yamanzi, ekhomba ngokunembile izindawo "ezishisayo" ezinemvula enkulu kakhulu, esebenza njengokufaka okubalulekile kwezixwayiso ezinembile ezilandelayo.
- “Ireferensi Yaphansi” — Izikali Zemvula (Ukuqapha Okunembayo Okuqondile)
- Iqhaza: Ukuqoqwa kwedatha yeqiniso eliyisisekelo kanye nokulinganiswa kwedatha ye-radar.
- Ukusatshalaliswa: Inqwaba yamageji emvula amabhakede asatshalaliswa endaweni enamanzi, ikakhulukazi enhla nomfula, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihlukene, nasezindaweni “ezishisayo” ezihlonzwe yi-radar. Lezi zinzwa zirekhoda imvula yangempela yezinga eliphansi ngokunemba okuphezulu (isb., 0.2 mm/ithiphu).
- Isicelo:
- Uma i-hydrological radar ikhipha isexwayiso, isistimu ngokushesha ithola idatha yesikhathi sangempela kumageji emvula. Uma amageji emvula amaningi eqinisekisa ukuthi imvula enqwabelene ehoreni elidlule idlule ku-50 mm (umkhawulo ohleliwe), uhlelo lukhuphula isixwayiso siye kuLeveli 2 (Isexwayiso).
- Idatha ye-rain gauge idluliselwa ngokuqhubekayo kusistimu emaphakathi ukuze iqhathanise futhi ilinganiswe nezilinganiso ze-radar, ngokuqhubekayo ithuthukisa ukunemba kokuguquguquka kwemvula ye-radar nokunciphisa ama-alamu angamanga nokutholwa okugejiwe. Isebenza “njengeqiniso eliyisisekelo” lokuqinisekisa izixwayiso ze-radar.
- "I-Pulse of the Earth" - Izinzwa Zokufuduka (Ukuqapha Ukuphendula Kwezwe)
- Iqhaza: Ukuqapha impendulo yangempela yethambeka emvuleni kanye nokuxwayisa ngokuqondile ngokudilika kwenhlabathi.
- Ukuthunyelwa: Uchungechunge lwezinzwa zokuthutha lwafakwa ezindikimbeni ezisengozini enkulu yokudilika komhlaba ezihlonzwe ngokuhlolwa kwe-geological ngaphakathi kwendawo yamanzi, okuhlanganisa:
- Ama-Borehole Inclinometers: Afakwe emigodini yokubhoboza ukuze kuqashwe ukugudluzwa okuncane kwamatshe angaphansi komhlaba kanye nomhlabathi.
- Ama-Crack Meters/Ama-Extensometers Ocingo: Kufakwe kuyo yonke imifantu ukuze kuqashwe izinguquko kububanzi bokuqhekeka.
- I-GNSS (I-Global Navigation Satellite System) Iziteshi Zokuqapha: Qapha ukufuduka kweleveli yemilimitha.
- Isicelo:
- Ngesikhathi semvula enkulu, amageji emvula aqinisekisa ukuthi imvula ina kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, izinzwa zokuthutha zinikeza ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu—ukuzinza kwemithambeka.
- Isistimu ithola ukusheshisa kwamazinga okufuduka kusuka ku-inclinometer ejulile emthambekeni onobungozi obukhulu, ehambisana nokufundwa okubanzi okuqhubekayo kusuka kumamitha angaphezulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amanzi emvula angenile emthambekeni, kwakheka indawo eshelelayo, nokudilika kwenhlabathi kuseduze.
- Ngokusekelwe kule datha yesikhathi sangempela sokufuduka, isistimu idlula izexwayiso ezisekelwe emvuleni futhi ikhiphe ngokuqondile isexwayiso sezinga eliphezulu 3 (Isexwayiso Esiphuthumayo), sazisa izakhamuzi ezisendaweni eyingozi ngokusakaza, i-SMS, nama-siren ukuthi ziphume ngokushesha.
II. Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Okuhlanganyelwe Kwezinzwa
- Isigaba Sesexwayiso Sangaphambi Kokuqala (Imvula Yangaphambi Kokuna Kuya Emvula Yokuqala): Irada ye-hydrological ithola amafu emvula anamandla enhla nomfula kuqala, inikeze isexwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi.
- Isigaba Sokuqinisekisa kanye Nokwenyuka (Ngesikhathi Semvula): Izikali zemvula ziqinisekisa ukuthi imvula yaphansi idlula imingcele, icacisa futhi yenze izinga lesexwayiso libe ngokwendawo.
- Isigaba Sesenzo Esibalulekile (Ngaphambi Kwenhlekelele): Izinzwa zokuthutha zibona izimpawu eziqondile zokungazinzi kwemithambeka, okuvusa isexwayiso senhlekelele esiseduze kakhulu, ukuthenga “imizuzu embalwa yokugcina” ebalulekile ukuze kuphume abantu.
- Ukulinganisa nokufunda (Kuyo yonke Inqubo): Idatha yegeji yemvula ikala ngokuqhubekayo i-radar, kuyilapho yonke idatha yenzwa irekhodwa ukuze kulungiselelwe amamodeli ezixwayiso zesikhathi esizayo kanye nemikhawulo.
III. Isifinyezo Nezinselele
Le ndlela edidiyelwe yezinzwa eziningi ihlinzeka ngosekelo oluqinile lwezobuchwepheshe lokubhekana nezikhukhula zezintaba nokudilika kwenhlabathi eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
- I-radar ye-Hydrological iphendula umbuzo othi, "Izovelaphi imvula enkulu?" ukunikeza isikhathi sokuhola.
- Izikali zemvula ziphendula umbuzo othi, “Ingakanani imvula enile ngempela?” ukuhlinzeka ngedatha yobuningi obunembile.
- Izinzwa zokuthutha ziphendula umbuzo othi, "Ingabe umhlaba usuzoshelela?" enikeza ubufakazi obuqondile benhlekelele ezayo.
Izinselelo zihlanganisa:
- Izindleko Eziphezulu: Ukuthunyelwa nokugcinwa kwe-radar namanethiwekhi ezinzwa aminyene kuyabiza.
- Ubunzima Bokunakekela: Ezindaweni ezikude, eziswakeme nezintaba, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamandla kagesi (ngokuvamile kuncike emandleni elanga), ukudluliswa kwedatha (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amaza omsakazo noma isathelayithi), kanye nokugcinwa ngokomzimba kwemishini kuyinselele enkulu.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Izinkundla zedatha ezinamandla nama-algorithms adingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe idatha yemithombo eminingi futhi kunikwe amandla ukwenza izinqumo okuzenzakalelayo, okusheshayo.
- Isethi ephelele yamaseva nesoftware engenantambo, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWANsicela uthinte i-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-19-2025