INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ebonakala ngesimo sezulu sayo semvula eshisayo, imisebenzi evamile yezimvula, kanye nendawo yezintaba, ingenye yezifunda ezivame kakhulu ukuba nezinhlekelele zezikhukhula zezintaba emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuqapha imvula yendawo eyodwa okuvamile akusanele ngezidingo zesimanje zokuxwayisa kusenesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukusungula uhlelo oluhlanganisiwe lokuqapha kanye nokuxwayisa oluhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusekelwe esikhaleni, esibhakabhakeni, kanye nomhlabathi. Ingqikithi yalolu hlelo ihlanganisa: izinzwa ze-radar zamanzi (zokuqapha imvula enkulu), ama-gauge emvula (okulinganisa izinga lomhlabathi ngqo), kanye nezinzwa zokufuduka (zokuqapha izimo zejiyoloji endaweni).
Icala elilandelayo elibanzi lesicelo libonisa ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezintathu zezinzwa zisebenza kanjani ndawonye.
I. Icala Lokusebenza: Iphrojekthi Yesexwayiso Sasekuqaleni Ngezikhukhula Zezintaba Nokudilika Kwenhlabathi Esigodini Samanzi Sesiqhingi SaseJava, e-Indonesia
1. Isizinda Sephrojekthi:
Amadolobhana asezintabeni eSiqhingini saseJava esimaphakathi ahlala ethintwa yimvula enamandla yemvula, okuholela ezikhukhuleni zezintaba ezivame ukwenzeka kanye nokudilika komhlaba okuhambisana nakho, okusongela kakhulu izimpilo zezakhamuzi, impahla kanye nengqalasizinda. Uhulumeni wendawo, ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke, usebenzise iphrojekthi ephelele yokuqapha kanye nokuxwayisa endaweni encane evamile yesifunda.
2. Ukucushwa Kwezinzwa Nezindima:
- “Iso Lesibhakabhaka” — Izinzwa Ze-Hydrological Radar (Ukuqapha Indawo)
- Indima: Ukubikezela imikhuba ye-macroscopic kanye nokulinganisa imvula yendawo enamanzi.
- Ukuthunyelwa: Inethiwekhi yama-radar amancane e-X-band noma e-C-band hydrological yafakwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ezizungeze indawo yokugeleza kwamanzi. Lawa ma-radar ahlola umkhathi phezu kwendawo yonke yokugeleza kwamanzi ngesisombululo esiphezulu sendawo (isb., njalo ngemizuzu emi-5, igridi engu-500m × 500m), elinganisa ukuqina kwemvula, isiqondiso sokunyakaza, kanye nesivinini.
- Isicelo:
- I-radar ithola ifu lemvula elinamandla eliya ngasemfuleni ongaphezulu komfula bese ibala ukuthi lizomboza lonke ifulethi lingakapheli imizuzu engama-60, kanti isilinganiso semvula endaweni silinganiselwa ku-40 mm/h. Uhlelo lukhipha ngokuzenzakalelayo isexwayiso sezinga 1 (Iseluleko), sazisa iziteshi zokuqapha phansi kanye nabasebenzi bokuphatha ukuthi balungiselele ukuqinisekiswa kwedatha kanye nokusabela okuphuthumayo.
- Idatha ye-radar inikeza imephu yokusatshalaliswa kwemvula yayo yonke indawo yamanzi, ihlonza ngokunembile izindawo “ezishisayo” ezinemvula enkulu kakhulu, okusebenza njengokufaka okubalulekile kwezixwayiso ezinembile ezilandelayo.
- "Ireferensi Yomhlaba" — Amageyiji Emvula (Ukuqapha Okunembile Okuqondene Namaphuzu)
- Indima: Ukuqoqwa kwedatha yeqiniso eliyisisekelo kanye nokulinganiswa kwedatha ye-radar.
- Ukuthunyelwa: Amageyiji emvula amaningi adonswa yibhakede asatshalaliswe kulo lonke idamu, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni angenhla, ezindaweni eziphakeme ezahlukene, nasezindaweni “ezishisayo” ezihlonzwe yi-radar. Lezi zinzwa ziqopha imvula yangempela ephansi ngokunemba okuphezulu (isb., 0.2 mm/tip).
- Isicelo:
- Uma i-radar ye-hydrological ikhipha isexwayiso, uhlelo luthatha ngokushesha idatha yesikhathi sangempela kusuka kuma-rain gauge. Uma ama-rain gauge amaningi eqinisekisa ukuthi imvula eqongelelayo ehoreni eledlule idlule ama-50 mm (umkhawulo osethiwe), uhlelo ludlulisela isexwayiso ku-Level 2 (Isexwayiso).
- Idatha yesilinganiso semvula idluliselwa njalo ohlelweni oluphakathi ukuze kuqhathaniswe futhi kulinganiswe nezilinganiso ze-radar, kuthuthukiswe njalo ukunemba kokuguqulwa kwemvula ye-radar futhi kuncishiswe ama-alamu angamanga kanye nokutholwa okungafanele. Isebenza “njengeqiniso” lokuqinisekisa izixwayiso ze-radar.
- “Ukushaya Komhlaba” — Izinzwa Zokufuduka (Ukuqapha Impendulo Yendawo)
- Indima: Ukuqapha impendulo yangempela yentaba emvuleni kanye nokuxwayisa ngokuqondile ngokudilika komhlaba.
- Ukufakwa: Uchungechunge lwezinzwa zokufuduka lufakwe ezindikimbeni zokudilika komhlaba ezisengozini enkulu ezitholwe ngokuhlolwa kwejiyoloji ngaphakathi kwe-watershed, okuhlanganisa:
- Ama-Borehole Inclinometers: Afakwe emigodini yokubhoboza ukuze kuqashwe ukufuduka okuncane kwedwala nomhlabathi ongaphansi komhlaba ojulile.
- Ama-Crack Meters/Wire Extensometers: Afakwe phezu kwemifantu engaphezulu ukuze kuqashwe izinguquko ebubanzini bemifantu.
- Iziteshi Zokuqapha ze-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Qapha ukufuduka kobuso obusezingeni lamamilimitha.
- Isicelo:
- Ngesikhathi semvula enamandla, ama-gauge emvula aqinisekisa ukuqina kwemvula ephezulu. Kulesi sigaba, izinzwa zokuhambisa umoya zinikeza ulwazi olubaluleke kakhulu—ukuqina kokwehla.
- Uhlelo lubona ukusheshisa okungazelelwe kwamazinga okufuduka kusuka ku-inclinometer ejulile endaweni esengozini enkulu, okuhambisana nokufundwa okuqhubekayo okuvela kumamitha okuqhekeka kobuso. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi amanzi emvula angene endaweni ethambekele, kwakheka indawo yokushelela, futhi ukudilika komhlaba sekuseduze.
- Ngokusekelwe kule datha yokufuduka yesikhathi sangempela, uhlelo ludlula izixwayiso ezisekelwe emvuleni futhi lukhipha ngqo isexwayiso sezinga eliphezulu kakhulu sezinga lesi-3 (Isexwayiso Esiphuthumayo), sazisa izakhamuzi ezisendaweni eyingozi ngokusakaza, i-SMS, kanye nama-siren ukuthi ziphume ngokushesha.
II. Ukugeleza Kokusebenza Okubambisene Kwezinzwa
- Isigaba Sokuxwayisa Kwasekuqaleni (Ngaphambi Kwemvula Kuya Emvula Yokuqala): I-radar yamanzi ithola amafu emvula enamandla phezulu komfula kuqala, inikeze isixwayiso kwasekuqaleni.
- Isigaba Sokuqinisekisa Nokukhuphuka (Ngesikhathi Semvula): Amageyiji emvula aqinisekisa ukuthi imvula esezingeni lomhlabathi idlula imingcele, ecacisa futhi ebeka izinga lesixwayiso endaweni.
- Isigaba Esibalulekile Sokusebenza (Ngaphambi Kwenhlekelele): Izinzwa zokufuduka zibona izimpawu eziqondile zokungazinzi kokwehla, zibangele isexwayiso senhlekelele esiseduze kakhulu, zithenge “imizuzu embalwa yokugcina” ebalulekile yokuphuma.
- Ukulinganisa Nokufunda (Kuyo Yonke Inqubo): Idatha yegeyiji yemvula ihlaziya njalo i-radar, kuyilapho yonke idatha yenzwa iqoshwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amamodeli nezixwayiso zesikhathi esizayo.
III. Isifinyezo kanye Nezinselele
Le ndlela ehlanganisiwe yezinzwa eziningi inikeza ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezobuchwepheshe ekubhekaneni nezikhukhula zezintaba kanye nokudilika komhlaba eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
- I-radar ye-hydrological iphendula umbuzo othi, “Imvula enkulu izovela kuphi?” inikeza isikhathi sokufika.
- Amageyiji emvula aphendula umbuzo othi, “Ingakanani imvula enayo ngempela?” enikeza idatha enembile yokulinganisa.
- Izinzwa zokufuduka ziphendula umbuzo othi, “Ingabe umhlaba usuzoshelela?” zinikeza ubufakazi obuqondile benhlekelele ezayo.
Izinselele zifaka:
- Izindleko Eziphezulu: Ukufakwa nokugcinwa kwamanethiwekhi e-radar kanye nezinzwa ezixinene kuyabiza.
- Ubunzima Bokulungisa: Ezindaweni ezikude, ezinomswakama, nezintaba, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kukagesi (ngokuvamile kuncike emandleni elanga), ukudluliswa kwedatha (ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imvamisa yomsakazo noma isathelayithi), kanye nokugcinwa kwemishini ngokomzimba kuyinselele enkulu.
- Ukuhlanganiswa Kobuchwepheshe: Kudingeka amapulatifomu edatha anamandla kanye nama-algorithms ukuze kuhlanganiswe idatha yemithombo eminingi futhi kuvunyelwe ukwenza izinqumo okuzenzakalelayo nokusheshayo.
- Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWANsicela uxhumane ne-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-19-2025