Izinzwa zegesi zibalulekile kakhulu embonini yaseSaudi Arabia, zihlanganiswe ngokujulile emkhakheni wayo oyinhloko kawoyela negesi kanye nezimboni ezihlobene nazo njenge-petrochemicals, ugesi, kanye nezinsiza. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuqhutshwa yizidingo eziningana ezibalulekile: ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuvikelwa kwempahla, ukulawulwa kwenqubo, kanye nokuhambisana nomthetho.
Nazi izimo ezithile zokusetshenziswa ezimbonini ezibalulekile:
1. Umthombo Ophezulu Kawoyela Negesi (Ukuhlola Nokukhiqiza)
Lena yindawo edinga kakhulu futhi ebanzi kakhulu yokusetshenziswa kwezinzwa zegesi.
- Izimo Zokusetshenziswa: Izindawo zokumba ezisogwini kanye nasogwini, imithombo kawoyela negesi, iziteshi zokubutha, izindawo zokucubungula.
- Amagesi Atholiwe:
- Amagesi Avuthayo (LEL): I-Methane, i-ethane, namanye ama-hydrocarbon, izingxenye eziyinhloko zegesi yemvelo kanye negesi kaphethiloli ehlobene nayo.
- Amagesi Anobuthi:
- I-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): Ingozi ebulalayo ezindaweni eziningi zikawoyela negesi zaseSaudi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zegesi “ezimuncu”. Izinzwa ezithembekile zibalulekile.
- I-Carbon Monoxide (CO): Kusukela ekushiseni okungaphelele ezinjinini zokushisa zangaphakathi, amabhoyila, njll.
- I-oksijini (O₂): Iqapha ukuntuleka kwe-oksijini ezindaweni ezivalekile noma ezindaweni ezihlanzwe ngamagesi angasebenzi njenge-nitrogen, kanye nokucebisa i-oksijini (ingozi yokusha).
2. Imboni Ye-Petrochemical & Refining
Lo mkhakha uhilela izinqubo zokushisa okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphezulu kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali okuyinkimbinkimbi okunezingozi ezinkulu zokuvuza.
- Izimo Zokusetshenziswa: Izindawo Zokuhluza, izitshalo zamakhemikhali (isb., izikhungo ze-SABIC), izitshalo ze-LNG.
- Amagesi Atholiwe:
- Amagesi Avuthayo (LEL): Ukuqapha ukuvuza kwe-VOC kuma-flange, ama-valve, kanye nokuxhumeka kwamapayipi, ama-reactor, kanye namathangi okugcina.
- Amagesi Anobuthi:
- I-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): Iphuzu elibalulekile lokuqapha amayunithi okususa i-sulfur kanye namayunithi okubuyisa isibabule (Inqubo ye-Claus).
- I-Ammonia (NH₃): Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-SCR ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-NOx; inobuthi futhi iyasha.
- I-Chlorine (Cl₂), i-Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂): Isetshenziswa ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi noma ezinqubweni ezithile zamakhemikhali.
- I-Benzene, ama-VOC: Ukuqapha indawo ethile kwezinto ezibangela umdlavuza noma ubuthi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zempilo yomsebenzi.
3. Umkhakha Wezinsiza kanye Nogesi
- Izimo Zokusetshenziswa: Izitshalo zikagesi (ama-turbine egesi, amakamelo okubhoyila), izitshalo zokususa usawoti emanzini, izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile.
- Amagesi Atholiwe:
- Amagesi Avuthayo (LEL): Qapha imigqa yokuphakelwa kwegesi yemvelo kanye nokuvuza kwegesi kaphethiloli ngaphambi kwama-boiler.
- Amagesi Anobuthi:
- I-Chlorine (Cl₂): Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekubulaleni amagciwane ezindaweni ezinkulu zokukhipha usawoti eSaudi (isb., iJubail, iRabigh). Ukuqapha okubalulekile ezindaweni zokugcina nokulinganisa.
- I-Ozone (O₃): Isetshenziswa kwezinye izitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi zesimanje.
- I-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S): Ikhiqizwa ezitshalweni zokuhlanza amanzi angcolile eziteshini zokupompa, emathangini okudonsa amanzi, njll.
4. Izakhiwo Nezindawo Ezivalekile
- Izimo Zokusebenza: Amagaraji okupaka, imigudu, izikhala ezivalekile ezitshalweni (ngaphakathi kwamathangi, ama-reactor, amapayipi).
- Amagesi Atholiwe:
- I-Carbon Monoxide (CO) kanye ne-Nitrogen Oxides (NOx): Qapha ukunqwabelana komoya ophuma emotweni ezindaweni zokupaka ezingaphansi komhlaba, okuxhumanisa nezinhlelo zokungenisa umoya.
- I-oksijini (O₂): Ibalulekile ekuhlolweni kwe-“four-gas” ngaphambi kokungena (O₂, LEL, CO, H₂S) ezindaweni ezivalekile.
Isihloko: Ukunika Amandla Umbono WaseSaudi 2030: Ubuchwepheshe Bokuzwa Igesi Ehlakaniphile Buthatha Isigaba Esiphambili Ekuphepheni Nasekusebenzeni Kahle Kwezimboni
IRiyadh, eSaudi Arabia – Njengoba iSaudi Arabia iqhubekisela phambili ngentshiseko uMbono wayo ka-2030, yenza umgogodla wayo wezimboni ube musha, isidingo sezixazululo zokuphepha nokuqapha ezihlakaniphile sikhuphuke kakhulu. Enhliziyweni yalolu shintsho kukhona izinhlelo zokuthola igesi ezithuthukisiwe, ezibalulekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi, izimpahla ezibiza izigidigidi zamaRandi, kanye nemvelo kuzo zonke izikhungo ezinkulu zikawoyela, igesi, kanye ne-petrochemical zoMbuso.
Kusukela ensimini enkulu yaseGhawar kuya ezindaweni ezinkulu zezimboni eJubail naseYanbu, izinzwa zegesi ziyindlela yokuqala yokuzivikela ezinsongweni ezingabonakali njengokuvuza kwe-hydrocarbon okuvuthayo kanye ne-Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S) enobuthi. Lo mkhuba manje usushintshela ezixazululweni ezingenantambo ezihlanganisiwe ezinikeza ukuguquguquka okungakaze kubonwe kanye nokuqonda idatha.
Ikusasa Alinazintambo Futhi Lixhunyiwe
Inselele enkulu ekuqapheni izitshalo ezinkulu zezimboni kube yizindleko kanye nobunzima bokuxhuma izintambo. Imboni manje yamukela amanethiwekhi aqinile ezinzwa ezingenantambo adlulisa idatha ebalulekile yokugcwala kwegesi ngesikhathi sangempela. Yilapho izixazululo eziphelele ziba khona ezibalulekile.
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Ngale Kokuphepha: Imisebenzi Eqhutshwa Yidatha
Lobu buchwepheshe abuseyona nje i-alamu. Ngokuxhumanisa izinzwa epulatifomu ephakathi, izinkampani manje sezingakwazi ukuhlaziya izitayela, zibikezele izidingo zokulungisa, futhi zivimbele izehlakalo ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke, okuqhuba ukusebenza kahle ngokuhambisana nemigomo ye-Saudi Arabia yokwehlukahluka komnotho.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe lwezinzwa kanye nokuhlola ukuthi izixazululo zethu eziphelele ezingenantambo zingakuthuthukisa kanjani ukuphepha kwakho kanye nokusebenza kahle, sicela uxhumane nathi:
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-04-2025