Izinzwa zokushisa komoya kanye nomswakama zinezimo eziningi nezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa eNdiya. Izimo zezwe ezihlukile zezwe kanye nesimo sezulu, ukukhula kwamadolobha okusheshayo, inani elikhulu labantu abalimi, kanye nokucindezela kukahulumeni i-“Digital India” kanye ne-“Smart Cities” kudale imakethe ebalulekile yalezi zinzwa.
Nazi izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezinemininingwane kuzo zonke imikhakha eminingana ebalulekile:
1. Umkhakha Wezolimo
Njengezwe elikhulu lezolimo, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama kubalulekile ekwandiseni isivuno kanye nokunciphisa ukulahleka eNdiya.
- Igama Lecala: Izindawo Zokugcina Izitshalo Ezihlakaniphile kanye Nezolimo Eziqondile
- Incazelo Yesicelo: Ezifundeni ezinkulu zezolimo njengeMaharashtra neKarnataka, amapulazi amaningi kanye nama-cooperative ezolimo aqala ukusebenzisa amanethiwekhi ezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama angenantambo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nasemasimini avulekile. Izinzwa ziqoqa idatha yesikhathi sangempela bese ziyilayisha epulatifomu yamafu.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukunisela Okulungiselelwe: Kulawula ngokuzenzakalelayo izinhlelo zokunisela ngamaconsi ngokusekelwe kudatha yomswakama wenhlabathi kanye nomswakama womoya, okuvumela ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ngesikhathi esidingekayo kanye nokonga imithombo yamanzi.
- Isexwayiso Sezinambuzane Nezifo: Umswakama ophezulu njalo ungabangela kalula izifo zesikhunta. Uhlelo lungathumela izexwayiso kumaselula abalimi lapho umswakama udlula umkhawulo, okuvumela izinyathelo zokuvimbela ngesikhathi.
- Ikhwalithi Ethuthukisiwe: Ezindlini zokugcina izitshalo ezitshala izitshalo ezinenani eliphezulu (isb. izimbali, ama-strawberry, utamatisi), ukulawulwa okunembile kokushisa kanye nomswakama kudala indawo yokukhula efanele, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yesivuno kanye nesivuno.
- Igama Lecala: Ukugcinwa Kwezinhlamvu kanye Nezinto Zokuthutha Ezibandayo
- Incazelo Yesicelo: I-India ibhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kokudla ngemva kokuvunwa ngenxa yokugcinwa okungafanele. Izinzwa zokushisa nomswakama zifakwa ezindaweni zokugcina impahla eziphakathi kanye namaloli aqandisiwe ukuze kuqashwe.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukuvimbela Isikhunta Nokubola: Kuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama uhlala endaweni ephephile ezindaweni zokugcina impahla kanye nangesikhathi sokuhamba, okuvimbela okusanhlamvu, izithelo, nemifino ukuthi kungaboli futhi kubole.
- Ukunciphisa Ukulahlekelwa: Ukuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kuvimbela wonke amaqoqo ezimpahla ekulimaleni ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukulawula izinga lokushisa/umswakama, okunikeza amarekhodi edatha athembekile kubanikazi bomshuwalense nabanikazi.
2. Amadolobha Ahlakaniphile kanye Nengqalasizinda
Ukucindezela kukahulumeni waseNdiya okuqinile kwe-“Smart Cities Mission” kwenza izinzwa zokushisa nomswakama zibe yingxenye ebalulekile yongqimba lokuzwa emadolobheni.
- Igama Lecala: Izakhiwo Ezihlakaniphile kanye Nokonga Amandla kwe-HVAC
- Incazelo Yesicelo: Ezindaweni zezentengiselwano, ezakhiweni zamahhovisi, nasezindaweni zokuhlala ezisezingeni eliphezulu emadolobheni amakhulu njengeMumbai, Delhi, kanye neBangalore, izinzwa zokushisa nomswakama zihlanganiswe nezinhlelo zokuphatha izakhiwo (i-BMS) ukulawula izinhlelo zokushisa, ukungenisa umoya, kanye nezimo zokupholisa umoya (i-HVAC).
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukusebenza Kahle Kwamandla: Ilungisa ngokunamandla ukusebenza kwe-HVAC ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela yemvelo, igwema ukupholisa ngokweqile noma ukushisa ngokweqile, inciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
- Induduzo Yabahlali: Inikeza indawo ekhululekile nehlala njalo yangaphakathi kubantu abahlala kuyo.
- Igama Lecala: Izikhungo Zedatha Nokuqapha Imvelo
- Incazelo Yesicelo: Imboni ye-IT ethuthukisiwe yaseNdiya ibamba izikhungo eziningi zedatha. Lezi zikhungo zinezidingo eziqinile kakhulu zokushisa kanye nomswakama. Izinzwa ziqapha indawo yegumbi leseva amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukuvikelwa Kwemishini: Kuvimbela ukulimala kwemishini ebucayi njengamaseva ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu noma umswakama owedlulele (okubangela ukuminyana), okuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka kwebhizinisi.
- Ukulungiswa Okubikezelayo: Ukuhlaziya izitayela zedatha kungasiza ekubikezeleni ukwehluleka okungenzeka kwemishini.
- Igama Lecala: Izindawo Zomphakathi Nokuphepha Kwezempilo
- Incazelo Yesicelo: Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-COVID-19, ezinye izibhedlela, izikhumulo zezindiza, kanye namahhovisi kahulumeni aqala ukusebenzisa ama-terminal okuqapha imvelo ahlanganiswe nezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Induduzo Nokuphepha: Ukuqapha ikhwalithi yemvelo yangaphakathi ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi. Nakuba kungatholakali ngqo amagciwane, izinga lokushisa elingakhululekile kanye nomswakama kungathinta induduzo yabantu kanye namazinga okusinda kwamagciwane.
3. Imboni Nokukhiqiza
Izinqubo eziningi zezimboni zinezidingo ezithile zemvelo.
- Igama Lecala: Imithi kanye ne-Biotechnology
- Incazelo Yesicelo: I-India ingumholi womhlaba wonke ekukhiqizweni kwemithi ejwayelekile. Ezinkampanini zemithi eHyderabad nase-Ahmedabad, izindawo zokukhiqiza, amakamelo ahlanzekile, kanye nezindawo zokugcina imithi kumele zihambisane nezindinganiso eziqinile ze-Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), ezidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokurekhoda izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukuthobela Imithetho Nokuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi: Kuqinisekisa ukuthi izindawo zokukhiqiza nezokugcina ziyahlangabezana nemithethonqubo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithi nokuphepha kwayo. Amalogi edatha asetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa nokulandelela.
- Igama Lecala: Imboni Yezindwangu
- Incazelo Yokusetshenziswa: Ezindaweni zokugaya izindwangu eGujarat naseTamil Nadu, izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama endaweni yokusebenzela kuthinta ngqo amandla efayibha, amazinga okuphuka, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngesikhathi sezinqubo zokuphotha, ukuluka, kanye nokudaya.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukuqinisa Izinqubo Zokukhiqiza: Ngokulawula izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama eshabhu, amazinga okuphuka ayancishiswa, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
4. Izinto zikagesi zabathengi kanye nezindlu ezihlakaniphile
Ngokukhula kwesigaba esiphakathi saseNdiya kanye nokwanda kwe-IoT, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamazinga abathengi nazo zikhula ngokushesha.
- Igama Lecala: Ama-Smart Air Conditioner kanye nama-Air Purifier
- Incazelo Yohlelo Lokusebenza: Ama-air conditioner ahlakaniphile kanye nama-air purifier athengiswa eNdiya yimikhiqizo efana neDaikin neBlueair anezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama ezakhelwe ngaphakathi.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukulungiswa Okuzenzakalelayo: Ama-air conditioner angavula/avale ngokuzenzakalelayo noma alungise isivinini sefeni ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kwesikhathi sangempela, onge amandla. Amanye amamodeli aphezulu nawo athuthukisa induduzo ngesikhathi semvula ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yokususa umswakama.
- Igama Lecala: Iziteshi Zesimo Sezulu Somuntu Siqu kanye Nezindlu Ezihlakaniphile
- Incazelo Yesicelo: Emadolobheni anolwazi ngobuchwepheshe njengeBangalore nePune, abanye abathanda ukusebenzisa amadivayisi ahlakaniphile ekhaya noma iziteshi zesimo sezulu zomuntu siqu ezihlonyiswe ngezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama.
- Izinkinga Ezixazululiwe:
- Ukuqwashisa Ngezemvelo Nokuzenzakalela: Abasebenzisi bangahlola idatha yemvelo yasekhaya bese bebeka imithetho yokuzenzakalela, njengokuvula i-dehumidifier ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho umswakama uphezulu kakhulu.
Izinselele kanye Nezindlela Zesikhathi Esizayo Zezicelo eNdiya
- Izinselele:
- Isimo Sezulu Esibi Kakhulu: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, kanye nezindawo ezinothuli kubeka izidingo eziphakeme ekuqineni nasekunembileni kwenzwa.
- Ukuzwela Izindleko: Emikhakheni efana nezolimo, izixazululo ezingabizi kakhulu nezinokwethenjelwa ziyisihluthulelo.
- Amandla Nokuxhumana: Ukuxhumana kukagesi okuzinzile kanye ne-inthanethi kungaba yizithiyo ekusetshenzisweni kwezinzwa ze-IoT ezindaweni ezikude (yize ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-NB-IoT/LoRa buyasiza ekuxazululeni lokhu).
- Amathrendi Esikhathi Esizayo:
- Ukuhlanganiswa ne-AI/IoT: Idatha yenzwa ayiseyona nje eyokubonisa kodwa isetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya okubikezelayo ngama-algorithms e-AI, isib. ukubikezela isifo sezitshalo, ukubikezela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwemishini.
- Ukusetshenziswa Kwamandla Okuphansi Nosayizi Omncane: Ukuvumela ukuthunyelwa kwezinye izimo eziningi.
- Ukwenziwa Kwepulatifomu: Idatha evela kumikhiqizo yezinzwa ehlukene ihlanganiswe kumapulatifomu e-smart city noma amafu ezolimo ahlanganisiwe, okuvumela ukwabelana ngedatha kwemikhakha ehlukene kanye nokusekelwa kwezinqumo.
- Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWANUkuze uthole inzwa yegesi eyengeziwe ulwazi,
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-23-2025