Ucwaningo Lwecala Lokusebenza Lwezinzwa Ze-Oxygen Ezincibilikisiwe Ekuvuvukeni Okuqondile

I. Isizinda Sephrojekthi: Izinselele Namathuba Okufuywa Kwezinhlanzi e-Indonesia

I-Indonesia ingumkhiqizi wesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni wezolimo zasemanzini, futhi imboni iyinsika ebalulekile yomnotho wayo wezwe kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokulima zendabuko, ikakhulukazi ukulima okujulile, zibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu:

• Ingozi Yokuntuleka Komoya-mpilo: Emachibini anabantu abaningi, ukuphefumula kwezinhlanzi kanye nokubola kwezinto eziphilayo kudla umoya-mpilo omningi. I-Oxygen Engaphelele Encibilikisiwe (DO) iholela ekukhuleni kwezinhlanzi okuhamba kancane, ukuncipha kwesifiso sokudla, ukwanda kokucindezeleka, futhi kungabangela ukuminyana okukhulu nokufa, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwezomnotho kwabalimi.
• Izindleko Zamandla Eziphezulu: Ama-aerator endabuko avame ukusebenza ngama-generator kadizili noma igridi futhi adinga ukusebenza ngesandla. Ukuze bagweme ukuntuleka kwe-hypoxia ebusuku, abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa ama-aerator njalo isikhathi eside, okuholela ekusetshenzisweni kukagesi omkhulu noma idizili kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphezulu kakhulu.
• Ukuphathwa Okubanzi: Ukuthembela kokuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwe ngesandla ukuze kwahlulelwe amazinga e-oxygen emanzini—njengokubheka ukuthi izinhlanzi “ziphefumula” yini ebusweni—akunembile neze. Ngesikhathi kubhekwe ukuphefumula, izinhlanzi sezivele zicindezelekile kakhulu, futhi ukuqala komoya kuleli qophelo kuvame ukuba sekwephuzile kakhulu.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga, izinhlelo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe be-Internet of Things (IoT) ziyakhuthazwa e-Indonesia, lapho inzwa ye-oxygen encibilikisiwe idlala indima ebalulekile.

II. Ucwaningo Oluningiliziwe Lwesicelo Sobuchwepheshe

Indawo: Amapulazi e-tilapia noma ama-shrimp aphakathi nendawo kuya kwamakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini nasezindaweni ezingaphakathi kweziqhingi ezingaphandle kweJava (isb., iSumatra, iKalimantan).

Isixazululo Sobuchwepheshe: Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuqapha ikhwalithi yamanzi ezihlakaniphile ezihlanganiswe nezinzwa ze-oxygen ezincibilikisiwe.

1. Inzwa Yomoya-mpilo Encibilikisiwe – “Isitho Esizwayo” Sesistimu

• Ubuchwepheshe kanye Nomsebenzi: Isebenzisa izinzwa ezisekelwe ku-optical fluorescence. Lo mgomo uhilela ungqimba lwedayi ye-fluorescent esicongweni senzwa. Uma ishukunyiswa ukukhanya kobude be-wavelength ethile, idayi iyakhanya. Ukuhlushwa komoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe emanzini kucima (kunciphisa) ubukhali kanye nobude balobu kukhanya. Ngokulinganisa lolu shintsho, ukuhlushwa kwe-DO kubalwa ngokunembile.
• Izinzuzo (ngaphezu kwezinzwa zendabuko ze-electrochemical):
  • Akukho Ukugcinwa: Asikho isidingo sokushintsha ama-electrolyte noma ama-membrane; izikhawu zokulinganisa zinde, zidinga ukulungiswa okuncane.
  • Ukumelana Okukhulu Nokuphazamiseka: Akuthinteki kakhulu ukugeleza kwamanzi, i-hydrogen sulfide, namanye amakhemikhali, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zamachibi.
  • Ukunemba Okuphezulu Nokuphendula Okusheshayo: Inikeza idatha ye-DO eqhubekayo, enembile, nesikhathi sangempela.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa Kwesistimu Nokuqhutshwa Komsebenzi

• Ukutholwa Kwedatha: Inzwa ye-DO ifakwe unomphela ekujuleni okubucayi echibini (ngokuvamile endaweni ekude kakhulu ne-aerator noma engxenyeni ephakathi yamanzi, lapho i-DO ivame ukuba phansi kakhulu), iqapha amanani e-DO amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto.
• Ukudluliswa Kwedatha: Inzwa ithumela idatha ngekhebula noma ngaphandle kwentambo (isb., i-LoRaWAN, inethiwekhi yeselula) ku-data logger/gateway esebenza ngelanga emaphethelweni echibi.
• Ukuhlaziywa Kwedatha Nokulawula Okuhlakaniphile: Isango liqukethe isilawuli esihlelwe kusengaphambili ngemikhawulo yomkhawulo we-DO ephezulu nephansi (isb., qala ukuphefumula ku-4 mg/L, yeka ku-6 mg/L).
• Ukusebenza Okuzenzakalelayo: Uma idatha ye-DO yesikhathi sangempela iwela ngaphansi komkhawulo ophansi obekwe, isilawuli sivula ngokuzenzakalelayo i-aerator. Sicisha i-aerator uma i-DO isibuyele ezingeni eliphezulu eliphephile. Yonke inqubo ayidingi ukungenelela ngesandla.
• Ukuqapha Kude: Yonke idatha ilayishwa ngasikhathi sinye epulatifomu yamafu. Abalimi bangaqapha kude isimo se-DO kanye nemikhuba yomlando yechibi ngalinye ngesikhathi sangempela ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula noma ideshibhodi yekhompyutha futhi bathole izaziso ze-SMS zezimo ze-oxygen ephansi.

III. Imiphumela Yesicelo kanye Nenani

Ukwamukelwa kwalolu buchwepheshe kulethe izinguquko ezinkulu kubalimi base-Indonesia:

1. Ukufa Okuncishisiwe Kakhulu, Isivuno Esikhulayo kanye Nekhwalithi:
   • Ukuqapha ngokunemba amahora angu-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto kuvimbela ngokuphelele izehlakalo zokuntuleka komoya-mpilo obangelwa amahora asebusuku noma izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezizumayo (isb., ukushisa, ntambama ethule), kunciphisa kakhulu ukufa kwezinhlanzi.
   • Indawo ezinzile ye-DO inciphisa ukucindezeleka kwezinhlanzi, ithuthukisa i-Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), ikhuthaza ukukhula okusheshayo nokunempilo, futhi ekugcineni ikhulisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
2. Ukonga Okukhulu Ezindleleni Zamandla Nezokusebenza:
   • Ishintsha ukusebenza kusuka ku-“umoya ovunguzayo ongu-24/7” iye ku-“umoya ovunguzayo uma kudingeka,” kunciphisa isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-aerator ngo-50%-70%.
   • Lokhu kuholela ngqo ekwehleni okukhulu kwezindleko zikagesi noma zedizili, kwehlisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza zizonke futhi kuthuthukise iMbuyiselo Yotshalomali (i-ROI).
3. Inika amandla Ukuphathwa Okunembile Nokuhlakanipha:
   • Abalimi bakhululiwe emsebenzini odinga amandla amaningi nongafanele wokuhlola amachibi njalo, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
   • Izinqumo ezisekelwe kudatha zivumela ukuhlela okungokwesayensi okwengeziwe kokudla, imithi, kanye nokushintshana ngamanzi, okuvumela ushintsho lwesimanje kusukela "ekutshaleni okusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho" kuya "ekutshaleni okusekelwe kudatha."
4. Amandla Okuphatha Izingozi Athuthukisiwe:
   • Izexwayiso zeselula zivumela abalimi ukuthi baqaphele ngokushesha izinto ezingajwayelekile futhi baphendule bekude, ngisho noma bengekho endaweni, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ikhono labo lokuphatha izingozi ezingazelelwe.

IV. Izinselele kanye Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo

• Izinselele:
  • Izindleko Zokuqala Zokutshalwa Kwezimali: Izindleko zangaphambili zezinzwa nezinhlelo zokuzenzakalela zisalokhu ziyisithiyo esikhulu kubalimi abancane ngabanye.
  • Ukuqeqeshwa Kobuchwepheshe Nokwamukelwa: Ukuqeqesha abalimi bendabuko ukushintsha imikhuba emidala nokufunda ukusebenzisa nokunakekela imishini kuyadingeka.
  • Ingqalasizinda: Ukunikezwa kukagesi okuzinzile kanye nokumbozwa kwenethiwekhi eziqhingini ezikude kuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle.
• Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo:
  • Izindleko zemishini kulindeleke ukuthi ziqhubeke nokwehla njengoba ubuchwepheshe bukhula futhi kufezwa umnotho.
  • Izinhlelo zoxhaso kanye nokukhuthazwa kukahulumeni kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezikahulumeni (ama-NGO) zizosheshisa ukwamukelwa kwalolu buchwepheshe.
  • Izinhlelo zesikhathi esizayo ngeke zihlanganise i-DO kuphela kodwa ne-pH, izinga lokushisa, i-ammonia, i-turbidity, nezinye izinzwa, zidale "i-Underwater IoT" ephelele yamachibi. Ama-algorithms obuhlakani bokwenziwa azokwenza kube lula ukuphathwa okuzenzakalelayo nokuhlakanipha kwayo yonke inqubo yokufuya izinhlanzi.

Isiphetho

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa ze-oxygen ezincibilikisiwe ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi e-Indonesia kuyindaba yempumelelo evelele kakhulu. Ngokuqapha idatha enembile kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile, kulungisa ngempumelelo amaphuzu ayinhloko embonini: ingozi ye-hypoxia kanye nezindleko zamandla aphezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe abumeleli nje ukuthuthukiswa kwamathuluzi kodwa futhi buyinguquko kwifilosofi yezolimo, buqhuba imboni ye-aquaculture yase-Indonesia kanye neyomhlaba wonke kancane kancane iye ekusaseni elisebenza kahle, elisimeme, nelihlakaniphile.