Ucwaningo olusha luveza ukuthi ukungcola okuvela emisebenzini yabantu kulithinta kanjani ikhono labo lokuthola izimbali
Kunoma imuphi umgwaqo ophithizelayo, izinsalela zomusi wezimoto zilenga emoyeni, phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-nitrogen oxide ne-ozone. Lezi zinto ezingcolisayo, nazo ezikhishwa izikhungo eziningi zezimboni nezikhungo zikagesi, zintanta emoyeni amahora amaningi kuya eminyakeni. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bazi ukuthi la makhemikhali ayingozi empilweni yomuntu. Kodwa manje, indikimba ekhulayo yobufakazi ibonisa ukuthi zona lezi zinto ezingcolisayo nazo zenza ukuphila kube nzima kubathuthi bempova bezinambuzane nasezitshalweni ezithembele kuzo.
Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinto ezingcolisa umoya zisabela namakhemikhali akha iphunga lembali, aguqule inani nokwakheka kwezinhlanganisela ngendlela evimbela ikhono lomthumeli wempova lokuthola izimbali. Ngaphezu kokubheka izinto ezibonwayo njengokuma noma umbala wembali, izinambuzane zincike “ebalazweni” lephunga, inhlanganisela yamangqamuzana ephunga eliyingqayizivele ohlotsheni ngalunye lwembali, ukuze zithole isitshalo ezisifunayo. I-ozone esezingeni eliphansi kanye nama-nitrogen oxide asabela ngama-molecule ephunga lezimbali, enze amakhemikhali amasha asebenza ngendlela ehlukile.
“Kuyalishintsha ngempela iphunga lesinambuzane esilifunayo,” kusho uBen Langford, usosayensi womkhathi we-UK Center for Ecology and Hydrology ocwaninga ngalolu daba.
Ama-Pollinators afunda ukuhlobanisa inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamakhemikhali imbali ewakhiphayo nalolo hlobo oluthile kanye nomvuzo wawo onoshukela ohlobene. Lapho lezi zinhlanganisela ezintekenteke zihlangana nezinto ezingcolisayo ezisebenza kakhulu, ukusabela kushintsha inani lama-molecule ephunga lezimbali kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lohlobo ngalunye lwe-molecule, ngokuyisisekelo lishintsha iphunga.
Abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi i-ozone ihlasela uhlobo lwe-carbon bond etholakala kuma-molecule ephunga lezimbali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-nitrogen oxides ayindida, futhi akukacaci kahle ukuthi ama-molecule ephunga lezimbali asabela kanjani ngokwamakhemikhali ngalolu hlobo lwenhlanganisela. "Le mephu yephunga ibaluleke kakhulu kuma-pollinator, ikakhulukazi i-pollinator ezindizayo esebenzayo," kusho u-James Ryalls, umcwaningi e-University of Reading. “Kunezinyosi, ngokwesibonelo, ezikwazi ukubona imbali kuphela lapho iqhele ngemitha engaphansi kwembali, ngakho iphunga libaluleke kakhulu kuzona ukuze zifune ukudla.”
U-Langford namanye amalungu eqembu lakhe baqala ukuqonda ukuthi i-ozone ishintsha kanjani ukuma kwephunga lembali. Basebenzise umhubhe womoya nezinzwa ukuze balinganise ukwakheka kwefu lephunga elidalwa yizimbali lapho zikhipha iphunga elisiginesha. Abacwaningi babe sebekhipha i-ozone ezindaweni ezimbili zokugxila, enye yazo efana nalokho i-UK ebhekana nakho ehlobo lapho amazinga e-ozone ephakeme, emhubheni onama-molecule ephunga lezimbali. Bathola ukuthi i-ozone idla emaphethelweni ophahleni, ifinyeza ububanzi nobude.
Abacwaningi babe sebesebenzisa i-honeybee reflex eyaziwa ngokuthi i-proboscis extension. Njengenja kaPavlov, eyayingaconsi amathe lapho kukhala insimbi yesidlo sakusihlwa, izinyosi zoju zizonweba ingxenye yomlomo wazo esebenza njengeshubhu lokuphakelayo, elaziwa ngokuthi i-proboscis, ngenxa yephunga elihlotshaniswa nomvuzo kashukela. Lapho ososayensi benikeza lezi zinyosi iphunga ngokuvamile zazikwazi ukuzwa amamitha ayisithupha ukusuka embalini, zakhipha i-proboscis yazo ngamaphesenti angu-52 esikhathi. Lokhu kwehle kwaya kumaphesenti angama-38 esikhathi senhlanganisela yephunga elimele iphunga elingamamitha ayi-12 ukusuka embalini.
Nokho, lapho zisebenzisa izinguquko ezifanayo ephunga elizovela emthonjeni owoniswe i-ozone, izinyosi zasabela kuphela ngamaphesenti angu-32 esikhathi esibalweni esingamamitha ayisithupha namaphesenti ayishumi esikhathi endaweni yophawu lwamamitha angu-12. "Uyabona lokhu kwehla okumangazayo kwenani lezinyosi ezikwazi ukuzwa iphunga," kusho uLangford.
Ucwaningo oluningi ngalesi sihloko lwenziwe ezindaweni zaselabhorethri, hhayi endaweni noma endaweni yemvelo yezinambuzane. Ukuze kubhekwane naleli gebe lolwazi, ososayensi eNyuvesi Yokufunda bamisa amaphampu aphusha i-ozone noma imfucumfucu yedizili ibe izingxenye zensimu kakolweni. Ukuhlolwa okusethwe emasongweni omoya ovulekile angamamitha angu-26 kusiza abacwaningi ukuthi bahlole imiphumela yokunukubezeka komoya ezinhlotsheni ezihlukene ze-pollinator.
Ithimba labacwaningi liqaphe amasethi ezitshalo zesinaphi ezindaweni ukuze kuhanjelwe impova. Amanye amagumbi abe ne-dizili ekhishwa igesi emazingeni angaphansi kwezindinganiso zekhwalithi yomoya ye-EPA. Kulezo zindawo, ancipha ngamaphesenti angu-90 ekhono lezinambuzane lokuthola izimbali ezithembele kuzo ukuze zidle. Ukwengeza, izitshalo zesinaphi ezisetshenziswe ocwaningweni, naphezu kokuba izimbali ezizithutha impova, zehle ngamaphesenti angama-31 ezinyathelweni ezithile zokukhula kwembewu, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kwempova ngenxa yokungcoliswa komoya.
Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi ama-pollinator ezinambuzane ngokwawo abhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele ngenxa yamazinga amanje okungcoliswa komoya. Kodwa lapho usebenza ekhonsathini nezinye izinselele ezibhekene nalezi zinambuzane, ukungcoliswa komoya kungenzeka kudale izinkinga
Singahlinzeka ngezinzwa zokukala izinhlobonhlobo zamagesi
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-08-2024