Ucwaningo olusha lwembula ukuthi ukungcola okuvela emisebenzini yabantu kuthinta kanjani ikhono labo lokuthola izimbali
Kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo omatasa, izinsalela zomsi wemoto zilenga emoyeni, phakathi kwazo kukhona ama-nitrogen oxides kanye ne-ozone. Lezi zingcolisi, ezikhishwa yizikhungo eziningi zezimboni kanye nezitshalo zikagesi, zintanta emoyeni amahora amaningi kuya eminyakeni. Ososayensi sebenesikhathi eside bazi ukuthi la makhemikhali ayingozi empilweni yabantu. Kodwa manje, ubufakazi obandayo busikisela ukuthi lezi zingcolisi ezifanayo zenza impilo ibe nzima nakubantu abathutha impova kanye nezitshalo ezithembele kuzo.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokungcola komoya zisabela kumakhemikhali akha iphunga lembali, zishintsha inani kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ngendlela evimbela ikhono lomthuthi wempova lokuthola izimbali. Ngaphezu kokufuna izinkomba ezibonakalayo ezifana nokuma noma umbala wembali, izinambuzane zithembele “kumephu” yephunga, inhlanganisela yama-molecule ephunga ahlukile kuhlobo ngalunye lwembali, ukuze zithole isitshalo ezisifisayo. I-ozone esezingeni lomhlaba kanye nama-oxide e-nitrogen asabela kuma-molecule ephunga lezimbali, adale amakhemikhali amasha asebenza ngendlela ehlukile.
“Kushintsha kakhulu iphunga elifunwa yilesi sinambuzane,” kusho uBen Langford, usosayensi womkhathi we-UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology ocwaninga ngale nkinga.
Abathuthi bempova bafunda ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yamakhemikhali akhishwa yimbali nalolo hlobo oluthile kanye nomphumela walo oshukela ohambisana nawo. Lapho la makhemikhali abuthakathaka ehlangana nokungcola okusabela kakhulu, ukusabela kushintsha inani lama-molecule ephunga lezimbali kanye nenani elilinganiselwe lohlobo ngalunye lwe-molecule, okushintsha kakhulu iphunga.
Abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi i-ozone ihlasela uhlobo lwesibopho sekhabhoni esitholakala kuma-molecule ephunga lezimbali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-nitrogen oxide ayimfihlakalo kancane, futhi akukacaci kahle ukuthi ama-molecule ephunga lezimbali asabela kanjani ngamakhemikhali kulolu hlobo lwenhlanganisela. “Le mephu yephunga ibaluleke kakhulu kubathuthi bempova, ikakhulukazi abathuthi bempova abasebenzayo endizeni,” kusho uJames Ryalls, umcwaningi e-University of Reading. “Kunezinye izinyosi ezincane, isibonelo, ezingabona imbali kuphela uma zingaphansi kwemitha elilodwa ukusuka embalini, ngakho-ke iphunga libaluleke kakhulu kuzo lapho zifuna ukudla.”
ULangford kanye namanye amalungu eqembu lakhe baqala ukuqonda ukuthi i-ozone ishintsha kanjani ngempela isimo sephunga lembali. Basebenzise umhubhe womoya kanye nezinzwa ukukala isakhiwo sefu lephunga elidalwa yizimbali lapho zikhipha iphunga lazo eliyingqayizivele. Abacwaningi base bekhipha i-ozone ngamanani amabili, elinye lawo elifana nalokho i-UK ebhekana nakho ehlobo lapho amazinga e-ozone ephakeme, emhubheni onezinhlayiya zephunga lezimbali. Bathole ukuthi i-ozone idla emaphethelweni ephunga, ifinyeze ububanzi nobude.
Abacwaningi base besebenzisa i-honeybee reflex eyaziwa ngokuthi i-proboscis extension. Njengenja kaPavlov, eyayikhipha amathe lapho kukhala insimbi yokudla, izinyosi zezinyosi zelula ingxenye yomlomo wazo esebenza njengepayipi lokudla, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-proboscis, ngenxa yephunga elihlotshaniswa nomvuzo kashukela. Lapho ososayensi benikeza lezi zinyosi iphunga ezazivame ukuzwa amamitha ayisithupha ukusuka embalini, zakhipha i-proboscis yazo amaphesenti angu-52 esikhathi. Lokhu kwehle kwaya kumaphesenti angu-38 esikhathi senhlanganisela yephunga emelela iphunga elikumamitha angu-12 ukusuka embalini.
Kodwa-ke, lapho besebenzisa izinguquko ezifanayo ephunga elizokwenzeka emphefumulweni owonakaliswe yi-ozone, izinyosi zasabela amaphesenti angu-32 kuphela esikhathi esilinganisweni samamitha ayisithupha kanye namaphesenti ayi-10 esikhathi esilinganisweni samamitha angu-12. “Uyakubona lokhu kwehla okukhulu kwenani lezinyosi ezingabe seziqaphela iphunga,” kusho uLangford.
Ucwaningo oluningi ngalesi sihloko lwenziwe ezindaweni zelebhu, hhayi ensimini noma endaweni yemvelo yezinambuzane. Ukuze kuxazululwe leli phutha lolwazi, ososayensi e-University of Reading bamisa amaphampu asunduza i-ozone noma i-diesel ephumayo ezingxenyeni zensimu kakolweni. Ukuhlolwa okusethwe ezindongeni zomoya ezivulekile ezingamamitha angu-26 kusiza abacwaningi ukuhlola imiphumela yokungcoliswa komoya ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezinambuzane ezithutha impova.
Ithimba labacwaningi liqaphe amasethi ezitshalo zesinaphi ezitshalweni ukuze kuhlolwe impova. Amanye amakamelo ayenomoya ophumayo wedizili ofakwe emazingeni angaphansi kwezindinganiso zekhwalithi yomoya ezizungezile ze-EPA. Kulezo zindawo, kwaba nokwehla okungama-90% ekhonweni lezinambuzane lokuthola izimbali ezithembele kuzo ekudleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitshalo zesinaphi ezisetshenziswe ocwaningweni, naphezu kokuba yizimbali ezizivundisayo, zabhekana nokwehla okungama-31% kwezinye izindlela zokukhula kwembewu, okungenzeka ngenxa yokuncipha kokuvundisa okuvela ekungcolisweni komoya.
Lokhu okutholakele kubonisa ukuthi izinambuzane ezithutha impova ngokwazo zibhekene nezinselele ezihlukile ngenxa yamazinga amanje okungcoliswa komoya. Kodwa uma zisebenza ngokubambisana nezinye izinselele ezibhekene nalezi zinambuzane, ukungcoliswa komoya cishe kungadala izinkinga ku
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-08-2024