Njengoba umthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke ukhula ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, abalimi eNingizimu Afrika bafuna ngenkuthalo ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze babhekane nezinselele. Ukwamukelwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokunzwa kwenhlabathi ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseNingizimu Afrika kuphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile sokulima okunembile embonini yezolimo yezwe.
Ukwanda kwezolimo olunembile
Ukulima ngendlela enembile kuyindlela esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi kanye nokuhlaziywa kwedatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ngokuqapha izimo zenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, abalimi bangaphatha amasimu abo ngokwesayensi, bandise isivuno futhi banciphise ukulahlwa kwezinsiza. Umnyango wezolimo waseNingizimu Afrika ubambisene nezinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe ukuze kufakwe izinkulungwane zezinzwa zenhlabathi emapulazini kulo lonke izwe.
Indlela izinzwa zomhlabathi ezisebenza ngayo
Lezi zinzwa zifakwe enhlabathini futhi ziyakwazi ukuqapha izinkomba ezibalulekile ezifana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa, okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba kanye nokuhanjiswa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela. Idatha idluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo epulatifomu esekelwe efwini lapho abalimi bangafinyelela khona ngama-smartphone noma amakhompyutha abo futhi bathole izeluleko zokulima ezenzelwe bona.
Isibonelo, lapho izinzwa zibona ukuthi umswakama womhlabathi ungaphansi komkhawulo othile, uhlelo luxwayisa abalimi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi banisele. Ngokufanayo, uma inhlabathi ingenazo izakhamzimba ezanele njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, uhlelo lucebisa abalimi ukuthi basebenzise inani elifanele lomanyolo. Le ndlela yokuphatha enembile ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi inciphisa nokuchitha amanzi, umanyolo nezinye izinsiza.
Imali engenayo yangempela yabalimi
Epulazini elisesifundazweni sase-Eastern Cape eNingizimu Afrika, umlimi uJohn Mbelele ubelokhu esebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi izinyanga eziningana. “Ngaphambilini, kwakudingeka sithembele kokuhlangenwe nakho kanye nezindlela zendabuko ukuze sahlulele ukuthi kufanele sinisele nini futhi sivundise nini. Manje ngalezi zinzwa, sengiyazi kahle ukuthi isimo somhlabathi sinjani, okungenza ngibe nethemba elikhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zami.”
UMbele uphinde waphawula ukuthi esebenzisa izinzwa, ipulazi lakhe lisebenzisa amanzi angaphansi ngamaphesenti angama-30 kanye nomanyolo ongaphansi ngamaphesenti angama-20, kuyilapho kwandisa isivuno sezitshalo ngamaphesenti ayi-15. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nomthelela emvelweni.
Icala lesicelo
Icala 1: Ipulazi lase-Oasis eMpumalanga Kapa
Ingemuva:
Itholakala eSifundazweni saseMpumalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, i-Oasis Farm ihlanganisa indawo engamahektha angaba ngu-500 futhi ikakhulukazi itshala ummbila nobhontshisi. Ngenxa yemvula engaguquki yalesi sifunda eminyakeni yamuva nje, umlimi uPeter van der Merwe ubelokhu efuna izindlela zokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kube ngcono.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa:
Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, uPeter wafaka izinzwa zomhlabathi ezingama-50 epulazini, ezisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze kuqashwe umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sangempela. Inzwa ngayinye ithumela idatha epulatifomu yamafu njalo ngemizuzu eyi-15, uPeter angayibuka ngesikhathi sangempela ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula.
Imiphumela ethile:
1. Ukunisela ngokunemba:
Esebenzisa idatha yenzwa, uPeter wathola ukuthi umswakama wenhlabathi kwezinye izindawo wehla kakhulu esikhathini esithile, kanti kwezinye wahlala uzinzile. Walungisa uhlelo lwakhe lokunisela ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi futhi wasebenzisa isu lokunisela lesifunda. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela kwehliswe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-35, kuyilapho isivuno sommbila nobhontshisi sanda ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kanye namaphesenti angu-8, ngokulandelana.
2. Lungiselela umanyolo:
Izinzwa ziphinde ziqaphe okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kanye ne-potassium enhlabathini. UPeter walungisa uhlelo lwakhe lokufaka umanyolo ngokusekelwe kulolu lwazi ukuze agweme ukufaka umanyolo ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa komanyolo kwehliswe cishe ngamaphesenti angama-25, kuyilapho isimo sokudla kwezitshalo sithuthuka.
3. Isexwayiso sezinambuzane:
Izinzwa nazo zasiza uPeter ukuthola izinambuzane nezifo enhlabathini. Ngokuhlaziya idatha yokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama, wakwazi ukubikezela ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo futhi wathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Impendulo esuka ku Peter van der Mewe:
"Ngisebenzisa inzwa yomhlabathi, ngakwazi ukuphatha ipulazi lami ngokwesayensi. Ngaphambilini, bengilokhu ngikhathazekile ngokunisela ngokweqile noma ukuvundisa, manje sengingenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe kudatha yangempela. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nomthelela emvelweni."
Icala 2: “Izivini Zelanga” eNtshonalanga Kapa
Ingemuva:
Itholakala eSifundazweni saseNtshonalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, iSunshine Vineyards yaziwa ngokukhiqiza amawayini asezingeni eliphezulu. Umnikazi wesivini u-Anna du Plessis ubhekene nenselele yokwehla kwesivuno samagilebhisi kanye nekhwalithi ngenxa yemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo zasemagilebhisini.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa:
Maphakathi no-2024, u-Anna wafaka izinzwa zenhlabathi ezingu-30 ezivinini, ezisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezivini ukuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sangempela. U-Anna uphinde asebenzise izinzwa zezulu ukuqapha idatha efana nokushisa komoya, umswakama kanye nesivinini somoya.
Imiphumela ethile:
1. Ukuphathwa kahle:
Esebenzisa idatha yenzwa, u-Anna uyakwazi ukuqonda ngokunembile izimo zenhlabathi ngaphansi komvini ngamunye. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, ulungise izinhlelo zokunisela nokufaka umanyolo futhi wasebenzisa ukuphathwa okucolisisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi kuthuthukiswe kakhulu, kanye nekhwalithi yamawayini.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yamanzi:
Izinzwa zasiza u-Anna ukuba asebenzise amanzi ngendlela engcono kakhulu. Wathola ukuthi umswakama wenhlabathi ezindaweni ezithile wawuphezulu kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, okwaholela ekushodeni komoya-mpilo ezimpandeni zevini. Ngokulungisa uhlelo lwakhe lokunisela, wagwema ukunisela ngokweqile futhi wonga amanzi.
3. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwesimo sezulu:
Izinzwa zesimo sezulu zisiza u-Anna ukuthi ahlale enolwazi ngemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezivinini zakhe. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yokushisa komoya kanye nomswakama, walungisa izindlela zokuthena nokufaka umthunzi ezivinini ukuze athuthukise ukuqina kwesimo sezulu sezivini.
Impendulo esuka ku Anna du Plessis:
"Ngisebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi kanye nezinzwa zesimo sezulu, ngakwazi ukuphatha isivini sami kangcono. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi, kodwa futhi kunginika ukuqonda okukhulu ngemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuzoba usizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni zami zokutshala zesikhathi esizayo."
Icala 3: Ipulazi Lokuvuna KwaZulu-Natali
Ingemuva:
Ipulazi iHarvest litholakala esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali futhi litshala kakhulu umoba. Njengoba imvula ingaguquki esifundeni, umlimi uRashid Patel ubelokhu efuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa komoba.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa:
Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2024, uRashid wafaka izinzwa zenhlabathi ezingama-40 epulazini, ezisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezahlukene ukuze kuqashwe umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ngesikhathi sangempela. Wasebenzisa nama-drones ukuthatha izithombe zasemoyeni nokuqapha ukukhula komoba.
Imiphumela ethile:
1. Khulisa umkhiqizo:
Esebenzisa idatha yenzwa, uRashid wakwazi ukuqonda ngokunembile isimo senhlabathi yensimu ngayinye. Walungisa izinhlelo zokunisela nokufaka umanyolo ngokusekelwe kule datha, esebenzisa amasu okulima anembile. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sikamoba sanda cishe ngo-15%.
2. Londoloza izinsiza:
Izinzwa zisize uRashid ukuthi asebenzise kahle amanzi nomanyolo. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yomswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba, walungisa izinhlelo zokunisela nokufaka umanyolo ukuze agweme ukunisela ngokweqile kanye nokufaka umanyolo futhi onge izinsiza.
3. Ukuphathwa Kwezinambuzane:
Izinzwa nazo zasiza uRashid ukubona izinambuzane nezifo enhlabathini. Ngokusekelwe kudatha yokushisa kwenhlabathi kanye nomswakama, wathatha izinyathelo zokuphepha zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Impendulo esuka ku Rashid Patel:
"Ngisebenzisa inzwa yomhlabathi, ngakwazi ukuphatha ipulazi lami ngokwesayensi kakhulu. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokwandisa isivuno sikamoba, kodwa futhi kunciphisa nomthelela emvelweni. Ngihlela ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa esikhathini esizayo ukuze ngifinyelele ukusebenza kahle kwemikhiqizo yezolimo."
Ukusekelwa kukahulumeni kanye nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe
Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo ezinembile futhi unikeza ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo kanye nezimali eziningi. “Ngokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bezolimo ezinembile, sithemba ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo, sivikele ukuphepha kokudla kuzwelonke futhi sikhuthaze intuthuko esimeme,” kusho isikhulu sikahulumeni.
Izinkampani eziningana zobuchwepheshe nazo zihilelekile ngenkuthalo, zinikeza izinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa zomhlabathi kanye namapulatifomu okuhlaziya idatha. Lezi zinkampani azigcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngemishini yehadiwe, kodwa futhi zinikeza nokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo zokusekela kubalimi ukuze zibasize basebenzise kangcono lobu buchwepheshe obusha.
Umbono wesikhathi esizayo
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokwanda kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa zomhlabathi, ezolimo eNingizimu Afrika zizoletha inkathi yezolimo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu nezisebenza kahle. Esikhathini esizayo, lezi zinzwa zingase zihlanganiswe nama-drones, imishini yezolimo ezenzakalelayo kanye namanye amadivayisi ukuze kwakheke uhlelo oluphelele lwezolimo oluhlakaniphe.
UDkt. John Smith, uchwepheshe wezolimo waseNingizimu Afrika, uthe: “Izinzwa zomhlabathi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezolimo ezinembile. Ngalezi zinzwa, singaziqonda kangcono izidingo zomhlabathi nezitshalo, okwenza kube lula ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okuphumelelayo. Lokhu ngeke kusize nje kuphela ekwandiseni ukukhiqizwa kokudla, kodwa futhi kuzonciphisa umthelela wemvelo futhi kufake isandla entuthukweni esimeme.”
Isiphetho
Ezolimo zaseNingizimu Afrika zishintsha kakhulu ubuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezinzwa zomhlabathi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komkhiqizo wezolimo, kodwa futhi kuletha izinzuzo zangempela kwezomnotho kubalimi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe nokusekelwa kwenqubomgomo, ezolimo ezinembile zizodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika nasemhlabeni jikelele, zibe negalelo elihle ekufezweni kweMigomo Yentuthuko Eqhubekayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-20-2025