Ngokukhula komthelela wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni wonke ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, abalimi baseNingizimu Afrika bamatasa bafuna ubuchwepheshe obusha bokubhekana nezinselele. Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa zomhlabathi obuthuthukisiwe ezingxenyeni eziningi zaseNingizimu Afrika kuphawula isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqondeni ezolimo ngokunemba embonini yezolimo yezwe.
Ukukhuphuka kwezolimo olunembayo
I-Precision Agriculture iyindlela esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuhlaziya idatha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ngokuqapha izimo zenhlabathi ngesikhathi sangempela, abalimi bangaphatha amasimu abo ngokwesayensi, bakhulise isivuno futhi banciphise ukumoshwa kwezinsiza. UMnyango wezoLimo eNingizimu Afrika ubambisene nenqwaba yezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukutshala izinkulungwane zezinzwa zenhlabathi emapulazini ezweni lonke.
Indlela izinzwa zomhlabathi ezisebenza ngayo
Lezi zinzwa zifakwe emhlabathini futhi ziyakwazi ukuqapha izinkomba ezibalulekile ezifana nomswakama, izinga lokushisa, okuqukethwe kwezakhi kanye nokuhamba kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela. Imininingwane idluliselwa ngaphandle kwentambo endaweni esekwe emafini lapho abalimi bengafinyelela kuyo ngama-smartphone noma amakhompyutha abo futhi bathole izeluleko zokulima eziqondene nawe.
Isibonelo, lapho izinzwa zithola ukuthi umswakama wenhlabathi ungaphansi komkhawulo othile, uhlelo lutshela abalimi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi banisele. Ngokufanayo, uma inhlabathi ingenazo izakhamzimba ezanele ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, uhlelo lweluleka abalimi ukuthi bafake inani elifanele likamanyolo. Le ndlela yokuphatha enembayo ayigcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhula kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi yehlisa ukumoshwa kwamanzi, umanyolo nezinye izinsiza.
Imali engenayo yangempela yabalimi
Epulazini eliseNingizimu Afrika esifundazweni sase-Eastern Cape, umlimi uJohn Mbelele unezinyanga ezimbalwa esebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi. “Phambilini bekumele sithembele kokuhlangenwe nakho nasezindleleni zesintu ukuze sahlulele isikhathi sokunisela nokufaka umquba.Manje ngalezi zinzwa, sengikwazi kahle ukuthi isimo senhlabathi siyini, okungenza ngibe nethemba elikhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zami.”
UMbele ubuye waveza ukuthi ngokusebenzisa lezi zinzwa, ipulazi lakhe lisebenzisa amanzi ancipha ngo-30% nomanyolo ngo-20%, kuyilapho lenyusa isivuno ngo-15%. Lokhu akugcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo.
Icala lesicelo
Icala 1: I-Oasis Farm eMpumalanga Kapa
Ingemuva:
Itholakala esiFundazweni saseMpumalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, i-Oasis Farm ihlanganisa indawo engaba amahektha angama-500 futhi itshala kakhulu ummbila nobhontshisi wesoya. Ngenxa yemvula eguquguqukayo kulesi sifunda eminyakeni edlule, umlimi uPeter van der Merwe ubelokhu efuna izindlela zokwenza ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kusebenze kahle.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa:
Ekuqaleni kuka-2024, uPeter wafaka izinzwa zomhlabathi ezingu-50 epulazini, ezisatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ukuze ziqaphe umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi ngesikhathi sangempela. Inzwa ngayinye ithumela idatha endaweni yesikhulumi samafu njalo ngemizuzu engu-15, uPetru angayibuka ngesikhathi sangempela ngohlelo lokusebenza lweselula.
Imiphumela ethize:
1. Ukunisela ngokunemba:
Esebenzisa idatha yezinzwa, uPetru wathola ukuthi umswakama womhlabathi kwezinye iziqephu wehla kakhulu phakathi nenkathi ethile yesikhathi, kanti kwezinye wawuhlala uzinzile. Walungisa uhlelo lwakhe lokunisela ngokusekelwe kule datha futhi wasebenzisa isu lokunisela lendawo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi okunisela kwehliswe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-35, kuyilapho isivuno sommbila nesoya senyuke ngamaphesenti ayishumi namaphesenti angu-8, ngokulandelana.
2. Lungiselela ukuvundisa:
Izinzwa ziphinde ziqaphe okuqukethwe kwezakhamzimba ezifana ne-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium emhlabathini. U-Peter walungisa isimiso sakhe sokukhulelwa ngokusekelwe kule datha ukuze agweme ukuvundiswa ngokweqile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo kwehle ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-25, kuyilapho isimo sokudla okunempilo kwezilimo sithuthuka.
3. Isixwayiso sezinambuzane:
Izinzwa ziphinde zasiza uPeter ukuthi abone izinambuzane nezifo emhlabathini. Ngokuhlaziya izinga lokushisa lenhlabathi kanye nedatha yomswakama, wakwazi ukubikezela ukuvela kwezinambuzane nezifo futhi wathatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Impendulo esuka ku Peter van der Mewe:
"Ngisebenzisa inzwa yomhlabathi, ngakwazi ukuphatha ipulazi lami ngokwesayensi. Ngaphambili, ngangihlale ngikhathazekile ngokunisela ngokweqile noma ukuvundiswa, manje sengingakwazi ukwenza izinqumo ngokusekelwe emininingwaneni yangempela. Lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa ukukhiqiza, kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela wendawo."
Icala lesi-2: “Izivini ezinelanga” eNtshonalanga Kapa
Ingemuva:
Itholakala esiFundazweni saseNtshonalanga Kapa eNingizimu Afrika, iSunshine Vineyards yaziwa ngokukhiqiza iwayini eliphezulu. Umnikazi wesivini u-Anna du Plessis ubhekene nenselele yokwehla kwesivuno samagilebhisi kanye nekhwalithi ngenxa yemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ekukhiqizeni i-viticultural.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa:
Maphakathi no-2024, u-Anna wafaka izinzwa zomhlabathi ezingu-30 ezivinini, ezisatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezivini ukuze kuqashwe umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi ngesikhathi sangempela. U-Anna futhi usebenzisa izinzwa zesimo sezulu ukuze aqaphe idatha efana nezinga lokushisa lomoya, umswakama kanye nesivinini somoya.
Imiphumela ethize:
1. Ukuphatha okuhle:
Esebenzisa idatha yezinzwa, u-Anna uyakwazi ukuqonda kahle izimo zenhlabathi ngaphansi komvini ngamunye. Ngokusekelwe kule datha, walungisa izinhlelo zokunisela nokuvundisa futhi wasebenzisa ukuphathwa okucolisisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi kuye kwathuthukiswa kakhulu, kanjalo nekhwalithi yamawayini.
2. Ukuphathwa Kwemithombo Yamanzi:
Izinzwa zisize u-Anna ukuthi enze kahle ukusebenzisa kwakhe amanzi. Uthole ukuthi umswakama wenhlabathi ezindaweni ezithile wawuphezulu kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile, okuholela ekuntulekeni komoyampilo ezimpandeni zomvini. Ngokulungisa uhlelo lwakhe lokunisela, wagwema ukunisela ngokweqile futhi wonga amanzi.
3. Ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu:
Izinzwa zesimo sezulu zisiza u-Anna ukuthi azi ngemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ezivinini zakhe. Ngokusekelwe kuzinga lokushisa lomoya kanye nedatha yomswakama, ulungise izinyathelo zokuthena kanye nokufiphaza kwezivini ukuze athuthukise ukukwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu sezivini.
Impendulo esuka ku Anna Plessis:
"Ngisebenzisa izinzwa zomhlabathi nezinzwa zesimo sezulu, ngakwazi ukuphatha kangcono isivini sami. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yamagilebhisi, kodwa futhi kungenza ngiqonde kangcono imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu. Lokhu kuzosiza kakhulu ezinhlelweni zami zokutshala zesikhathi esizayo."
Case 3: Harvest Farm KwaZulu-Natal
Ingemuva:
Ipulazi i-Harvest lisesifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal futhi elitshala kakhulu umoba. Njengoba kunezimvula eziguquguqukayo esifundeni, umlimi u-Rashid Patel ubelokhu efuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa komoba.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zenzwa:
Engxenyeni yesibili ka-2024, u-Rashid ufake izinzwa zomhlabathi ze-40 epulazini, ezisakazwa kuzo zonke iziqephu ezihlukene ukuze kuqashwe umswakama wenhlabathi, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuqukethwe kwezakhi ngesikhathi sangempela. Uphinde wasebenzisa ama-drones ukuthatha izithombe zasemoyeni nokuqapha ukukhula komoba.
Imiphumela ethize:
1. Khulisa ukukhiqizwa:
Esebenzisa idatha yezinzwa, u-Rashid wakwazi ukuqonda ngokunembile isimo senhlabathi yesakhiwo ngasinye. Ulungise izinhlelo zokunisela nezokuvundisa ngokusekelwe kule datha, esebenzisa amasu ezolimo anembayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isivuno sikamoba sikhuphuke cishe ngo-15%.
2. Londoloza izinsiza:
Izinzwa zisize u-Rashid ukuthi enze kahle ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nomanyolo. Ngokusekelwe kumswakama womhlabathi kanye nedatha yokuqukethwe kwezakhi, walungisa izinhlelo zokunisela nokuvundisa ukuze agweme ukuchelela ngokweqile nokufaka umanyolo futhi asindise izinsiza.
3. Ukulawula Izinambuzane:
Izinzwa ziphinde zasiza uRashid ukuthi abone izinambuzane nezifo emhlabathini. Ngokusekelwe ekushiseni kwenhlabathi nomswakama, wathatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuze anciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane.
Impendulo esuka ku Patel:
"Ngisebenzisa inzwa yomhlabathi, ngakwazi ukuphatha ipulazi lami ngokwesayensi. Lokhu akugcini nje ukwandisa isivuno somoba, kodwa futhi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Ngihlela ukuqhubeka nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinzwa esikhathini esizayo ukuze ngifinyelele izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza kwezolimo."
Ukwesekwa kwezinkampani zikahulumeni nezobuchwepheshe
Uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ukubheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo ezinembayo futhi uhlinzeka ngenani lezinqubo zokweseka kanye noxhaso lwezezimali. "Ngokukhuthaza ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obunembayo, sithemba ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, ukuvikela ukutholakala kokudla kuzwelonke futhi kuthuthukiswe intuthuko esimeme," kusho isikhulu sikahulumeni.
Izinkampani eziningi zobuchwepheshe nazo zibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo, zinikeza izinhlobo eziningi zezinzwa zomhlabathi kanye nezinkundla zokuhlaziya idatha. Lezi zinkampani azihlinzeki ngemishini yehadiwe kuphela, kodwa futhi zihlinzeka ngokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe kanye nezinsizakalo zokweseka kubalimi ukuze babasize basebenzise kangcono lobu buchwepheshe obusha.
Umbono wekusasa
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthandwa kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa zomhlabathi, ezolimo eNingizimu Afrika zizongenisa inkathi yezolimo ezihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi ezisebenza ngempumelelo. Ngokuzayo, lezi zinzwa zingase zihlanganiswe nama-drones, imishini yezolimo ezenzakalelayo namanye amadivaysi ukuze kwakheke uhlelo oluphelele lwezolimo lwezolimo.
UDkt John Smith, uchwepheshe wezolimo waseNingizimu Afrika, uthe: “Izinzwa zomhlabathi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezolimo olunembayo. Ngalezi zinzwa, singakwazi ukuqonda kangcono izidingo zenhlabathi nezitshalo, sikwazi ukukhiqiza ukulima ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu ngeke kusize nje ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla, kodwa futhi kunciphise umthelela wemvelo futhi kube nengxenye entuthukweni eqhubekayo.”
Isiphetho
Ezolimo zaseNingizimu Afrika zibhekene noguquko oluqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwezinzwa zomhlabathi akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezolimo, kodwa futhi kuletha izinzuzo zangempela zezomnotho kubalimi. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokwesekwa kwenqubomgomo, ukulima okunembayo kuzodlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika nasemhlabeni jikelele, kube negalelo elihle ekuzuzweni Kwezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-20-2025