Enkathini ye-lidar, izinzwa ze-microwave, kanye nokubikezela kwe-AI, idivayisi yepulasitiki ebiza ngaphansi kwamaRandi ayikhulu isasebenza isilinganiso semvula esiyisisekelo kakhulu kuma-90% eziteshi zezulu zomhlaba—ivelaphi amandla ayo ahlala njalo?
Uma uvula isiteshi sezulu sesimanje esizenzakalelayo, cishe uzothola ukuthi inzwa yemvula eyinhloko akuyona ikhanda le-laser elicwayizayo noma i-antenna ye-microwave eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa iyithuluzi elilula elenziwe ngebhakede lepulasitiki eligoqayo, omakethi, kanye neswishi yomhlanga—isilinganiso semvula esigoqayo.
Kusukela unjiniyela wase-Ireland uThomas Robinson aqala ukwakha uhlobo lwalo lokuqala ngo-1860, lo mklamo uhlale ungashintshile iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-160. Namuhla, ushintshe kusukela ekubunjweni kwethusi kuya epulasitikini ebunjwe ngomjovo, kusukela ekufundeni ngesandla kuya ekukhishweni kwesignali kagesi, kodwa isimiso sawo esiyinhloko sisalokhu sifana: vumela ithonsi ngalinye lemvula lishayele i-lever eqondile yomshini, liyiguqule ibe idatha elinganiswayo.
Ifilosofi Yokuklama: Ukuhlakanipha Kobuncane
Inhliziyo yesilinganiso semvula se-tipping-bucket uhlelo lokulinganisela olunezibhakede ezimbili:
- I-funnel eqoqayo iqondisa imvula kwelinye lamabhakede.
- Ibhakede ngalinye lilinganiswe kahle (ngokuvamile liyi-0.2mm noma i-0.5mm yemvula ngesihloko ngasinye).
- I-magnet kanye ne-reed switch zikhiqiza i-pulse kagesi njalo lapho ibhakede liwela.
- I-data logger ibala ama-pulse, iphindaphinde ngenani lokulinganisa ukuze ibale imvula iyonke.
Ubuhle balo mklamo bulele kulokhu:
- Ukusebenza okungenamsebenzi: Kukala imvula ngokoqobo ngaphandle kokudinga ugesi (imishini kagesi yenzelwe ukuguqulwa kwesiginali kuphela).
- Ukuzihlanza: Ibhakede liqala kabusha ngokuzenzakalelayo ngemva kwephuzu ngalinye, okuvumela ukulinganisa okuqhubekayo.
- Impendulo eqondile: Ngaphakathi kwamandla emvula angu-0–200mm/h, iphutha lingalawulwa ngaphakathi kuka-±3%.
Ukuqina Kwanamuhla: Kungani Ubuchwepheshe Obuphezulu Bungazange Buyithathe Indawo
Njengoba izinsimbi zesimo sezulu zithambekela ezindleko eziphakeme kanye nokunemba, igeyiji yemvula yepulasitiki egobhozayo iyaqhubeka nokusebenza ngezinzuzo ezine ezibalulekile:
1. Ukusebenza Kahle Kwezindleko Okungalingani
- Izindleko zeyunithi yesenzwa yebanga lobuchwepheshe: $500–$5,000
- Intengo yeyunithi yegeyiji yemvula yebhakede lepulasitiki: $20–$200
- Uma kwakhiwa amanethiwekhi okuqapha imvula enamandla emhlabeni jikelele, umehluko wezindleko ungahlanganisa ama-oda amabili amakhulu.
2. Umkhawulo Wokusebenza Ophansi Kakhulu
- Akudingeki ukulinganiswa kobungcweti, kuphela ukuhlanza izihlungi ngezikhathi ezithile nokuhlolwa kwamazinga.
- Amanethiwekhi esimo sezulu avolontiya e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara athembele ezinkulungwaneni zama-tipping-bucket gauges alula ukwakha izizindalwazi zemvula zesifunda okokuqala.
3. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwedatha Nokuqhubeka Kwayo
- Ama-80% edatha yochungechunge lwemvula emhlabeni wonke oluthathe ikhulu leminyaka luvela ku-tipping-bucket noma eyandulelayo, i-siphon rain gauge.
- Ubuchwepheshe obusha kumele "buhambisane" nedatha yomlando, futhi idatha yokunikeza izeluleko isebenza njengesisekelo socwaningo lwesimo sezulu.
4. Ukuqina Ezindaweni Ezibucayi
- Ngesikhathi sezikhukhula zaseJalimane zango-2021, amageyiji amaningana emvula e-ultrasonic kanye ne-radar ahluleka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kukagesi, kuyilapho amabhakede okufaka imvula ngomshini eqhubeka nokuqopha sonke isiphepho kumabhethri asekelayo.
- Eziteshini ezingenabantu ezindaweni ezisemaphethelweni noma eziphakeme kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwamandla aphansi (cishe i-1 kWh ngonyaka) kwenza kube ukukhetha okungenakuphindwa.
Umthelela Wangempela: Izimo Ezintathu Ezibalulekile
Icala 1: Uhlelo Lokuxwayisa Ngezikhukhula lwaseBangladesh
Izwe lithumele ama-geji emvula alula angu-1,200 epulasitiki kulo lonke i-Brahmaputra Delta, kanti izakhamuzi zibika ukufundwa kwansuku zonke nge-SMS. Le "nethiwekhi yobuchwepheshe obuphansi" yandisa izikhathi zokuxwayisa ngezikhukhula kusukela emahoreni ayi-6 kuya kwangu-48, isindisa amakhulu ezimpilo minyaka yonke, ngezindleko zokwakha ezilingana ne-radar eyodwa yesimo sezulu se-Doppler esezingeni eliphezulu.
Icala 2: Ukuhlolwa Kwengozi Yomlilo Wasendle eCalifornia
Umnyango wezamahlathi ufake amanethiwekhi okulinganisa imvula asebenzisa amandla elanga ezindaweni ezibucayi ukuze kuqashwe imvula yesikhathi esifushane ebalulekile ekubalweni "kwenkomba yokusha". Ngo-2023, uhlelo lunikeze ukwesekwa okunembile kwesinqumo sesimo sezulu emisebenzini engu-97 yokusha enqunyiwe.
Icala 3: Ukuthwebula “Izindawo Ezishisayo” Zezikhukhula Zasemadolobheni
IBhodi Yezinsiza Zomphakathi yaseSingapore yengeze izinzwa zebhakede elincane eziphahleni, ezindaweni zokupaka, nasezindaweni zokukhipha amanzi, ikhomba “izindawo ezintathu eziphakeme zemvula encane” ezingatholakali ngamanethiwekhi eziteshi zesimo sezulu zendabuko, yathuthukisa uhlelo lokuthuthukisa amanzi olubiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-200 ngokufanele.
I-Classic Eguqukayo: Lapho Omakhenikha Behlangana Nobuhlakani
Isizukulwane esisha sama-rain gauge asebenzisa i-tipping-bucket siyathuthuka kancane kancane:
- Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-IoT: Kuhlonyiswe ngamamojula e-Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) okudlulisa idatha kude.
- Imisebenzi Yokuzihlola: Ukuthola ukuvinjelwa noma amaphutha emishini ngokusebenzisa amaza angavamile okujika.
- Ukusungula Izinto Ezintsha: Ukusebenzisa ipulasitiki ye-ASA engamelani ne-UV, okwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kusukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengu-15.
- Ukunyakaza Komthombo Ovulekile: Amaphrojekthi afana ne-“RainGauge” yase-UK ahlinzeka ngemiklamo ephrintwa nge-3D kanye nekhodi ye-Arduino, okukhuthaza ukuhlanganyela kwesayensi yomphakathi.
Ukulinganiselwa Kwayo: Ukwazi Imingcele Yokuyisebenzisa Kahle
Vele, i-tipping-bucket rain gauge ayiphelele:
- Uma imvula inamandla angaphezu kuka-200mm/h, amabhakede angase ahluleke ukuqalisa kabusha ngesikhathi, okuholela ekubalweni okungaphansi.
- Imvula eqinile (iqhwa, isichotho) idinga ukuthi ukushisa kuncibilike ngaphambi kokulinganiswa.
- Imiphumela yomoya ingabangela amaphutha okuthola amanzi (inkinga ehlanganyelwa yizo zonke izikali zemvula ezisekelwe phansi).
Isiphetho: Ukwethembeka Ngaphezu Kokuphelela
Enkathini egxile kakhulu ekukhazimuleni kobuchwepheshe, i-plastic tipping-bucket rain gauge isikhumbuza iqiniso elivame ukulibaleka: Ngokwengqalasizinda, ukuthembeka kanye nokukhula ngokuvamile kubaluleke ngaphezu kokunemba okuphelele. Yi-"AK-47" yokuqapha imvula—isakhiwo esilula, izindleko eziphansi, ezivumelana nezimo kakhulu, futhi ngaleyo ndlela zitholakala yonke indawo.
Ithonsi ngalinye lemvula eliwela emhubheni walo lihlanganyela ekwakheni ungqimba lwedatha oluyisisekelo kakhulu lokuqonda kwesintu uhlelo lwesimo sezulu. Empeleni, le divayisi yepulasitiki ethobekile iyibhuloho elilula kodwa eliqinile elixhumanisa ukubuka komuntu ngamunye nesayensi yomhlaba wonke, izinhlekelele zendawo kanye nesenzo sezulu.
Isethi ephelele yamaseva kanye ne-software engenantambo module, isekela i-RS485 GPRS /4g/WIFI/LORA/LORAWAN
Ukuze uthole inzwa yemvula eyengeziwe ulwazi,
sicela uxhumane ne-Honde Technology Co., LTD.
Email: info@hondetech.com
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-04-2025