7 ubuchwepheshe obuzosiza ekubuyiseni nasekuvimbeleni izindawo ezikhahlamezwe yizikhukhula

Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi ukutshala izimali ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi, amadamu kanye nengqalasizinda eluhlaza kungavikela imiphakathi ezenzakalweni ezimbi kakhulu

Izikhukhula ezidabukisayo zakamuva esifundazweni saseBrazil e-Rio Grande do Sul zigqamisa isidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuvuselela izindawo ezithintekile futhi kuvinjelwe izinhlekelele zemvelo zesikhathi esizayo. Izikhukhula zidala umonakalo omkhulu emiphakathini, nengqalasizinda kanye nemvelo, okugqamisa ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kahle kwamanzi ezikhukhula ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ekubuyiseleni izindawo ezithintekile, kodwa futhi nokwakha ingqalasizinda eqinile.

Ukutshala imali ezinhlelweni zokudonsa amanzi ezihlakaniphile, amadamu, nengqalasizinda eluhlaza kungasindisa izimpilo futhi kuvikele imiphakathi. Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha zibalulekile ekugwemeni izinhlekelele ezintsha kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wemvula nezikhukhula.

Nazi ezinye izindlela nezindlela ezingasiza ekubuyiseleni izinhlekelele nokuvimbela izinhlekelele ezizayo:

Amasistimu wokudonsa amanzi ahlakaniphile: Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa izinzwa kanye ne-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) ukuze ziqaphe futhi zilawule ukugeleza kwamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela. Angakwazi ukukala amazinga amanzi, abone ukuvinjelwa futhi avule ngokuzenzakalelayo amaphampu namasango, aqinisekise ukugeleza kwamanzi okusebenzayo futhi avimbele izikhukhula zasendaweni.
Imikhiqizo ikhonjiswe esithombeni esingezansi

Amadamu: Lawa madamu, angaphansi noma avulekile, agcina amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi kunemvula enamandla futhi awakhulule kancane ukuze agweme ukugcwala ngokweqile uhlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Lobu buchwepheshe busiza ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi nokunciphisa ingozi yezikhukhula.
Ingqalasizinda yokugcinwa kwamanzi emvula: Izixazululo ezinjengophahla oluluhlaza, izingadi, amaplaza, amapaki abukeke kahle kanye nezindawo zezimbali zezitshalo nezihlahla, izindlela zokuhamba ezikwazi ukungena, izindawo ezingenalutho ezinotshani phakathi nendawo, nezindawo ezivuzayo zingamunca futhi zigcine amanzi emvula ngaphambi kokuba afinyelele ohlelweni lokudonsa amanzi emadolobheni, kunciphise umthamo wamanzi angaphezulu kanye nomthwalo kwingqalasizinda ekhona.
Uhlelo lokuhlukanisa oluqinile: Ithuluzi elibekwe lapho kuphuma khona ipayipi lamanzi emvula ngaphambi kokuthi lingene kunethiwekhi yokukhipha amanzi omphakathi, inhloso yalo iwukuhlukanisa nokugcina izinto eziqinile eziqinile futhi zivimbele ukuthi zingangeni epayipini ukuze kugwenywe ukuvaleka kwamapayipi. Amanethiwekhi kanye nodaka lwezindawo ezithola amanzi (imifula, amachibi kanye nama-DAMS). Izinto eziqinile eziqinile, uma zingagciniwe, zingakha umgoqo kunethiwekhi yokudonsa amanzi emadolobheni, ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi futhi okungenzeka kubangele izikhukhula ezivimba umfula. Amanzi anodaka ane-drainage ukujula okuphansi, okungaholela ekwenyukeni kwezinga lamanzi adinga ukuchithwa, okungenzeka ukuthi agcwale amabhange futhi abangele izikhukhula.
Imodeli ye-hydrological kanye nokubikezela kwemvula: Ngokusebenzisa amamodeli athuthukisiwe we-hydrological kanye nokubikezela kwesimo sezulu, izehlakalo zokuna kwemvula enkulu zingabikezelwa kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela, ezifana nokuvula amasistimu okumpompa noma amadamu akhipha amanzi, zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wezikhukhula.
Ukuqapha kanye nesixwayiso: Uhlelo lokuqapha oluqhubekayo lwamazinga amanzi emifuleni, emiseleni nasemiseleni ihlanganiswa nohlelo lwesixwayiso kusenesikhathi ukuze kuxwayiswe abantu neziphathimandla ngengozi yezikhukhula ezayo, evumela impendulo esheshayo nephumelelayo.
Amasistimu okubuyisela amanzi esiphepho: Ingqalasizinda eqoqa, ephatha futhi esebenzise amanzi emvula ngezinjongo ezingaphuzwa, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise inani lamanzi adinga ukulawulwa amasistimu okudonsa amanzi kanye nokukhulula ingcindezi phakathi nezenzakalo zezulu elinamandla.
"Lokhu kudinga umzamo ohlangene phakathi kukahulumeni, amabhizinisi kanye nomphakathi, kugcizelela isidingo sezinqubomgomo ezisebenzayo zomphakathi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo kwingqalasizinda nezemfundo." Ukuthatha lezi zinyathelo kungaguqula ukuphathwa kwamanzi emadolobheni futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi amadolobha alungele izimo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu.”