Njengendawo ebalulekile yokutshala izitshalo, ukunisela kanye nokuphathwa kwezinga lamanzi emasimini e-paddy kudlala indima ebalulekile ekhwalithini kanye nasekuvuneni kokukhiqizwa kwelayisi. Ngokuthuthuka kwezolimo zanamuhla, ukusetshenziswa kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwezinsiza zamanzi sekuyinto ebalulekile. Imitha yezinga lomthamo kancane kancane isibe ukukhetha okuhle kokuqapha izinga lamanzi emasimini e-paddy ngenxa yokunemba kwayo okuphezulu, ukuzinza kanye nokuqina kwayo. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngesimiso sokusebenza, izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa, amacala asebenzayo kanye namathuba okuthuthukiswa kwemitha yezinga lomthamo emasimini e-paddy.
1. Isimiso sokusebenza semitha yezinga lomthamo
Umgomo wokusebenza wemitha yezinga le-capacitive usekelwe ekushintsheni kwe-capacitance. Lapho izinga le-liquid le-liquid medium lishintsha, i-dielectric constant ehambisanayo ye-liquid ithinta i-capacitance ye-capacitor, ngaleyo ndlela kuqashelwe ukulinganiswa kwezinga le-liquid. Izinyathelo ezithile yilezi ezilandelayo:
Isakhiwo se-capacitor: Imitha yezinga le-capacitive ivame ukuba nama-electrode amabili, elinye lawo yi-probe kanti elinye ngokuvamile yi-ground wire noma isitsha ngokwaso.
Ushintsho olungaguquki lwe-dielectric: Ushintsho lwezinga loketshezi luzobangela ushintsho lwe-medium phakathi kwama-electrode. Lapho izinga loketshezi likhuphuka noma lehla, i-dielectric constant ezungeze i-electrode (njenge-dielectric constant yomoya ingu-1, kanti i-dielectric constant yamanzi ingu-80) iyashintsha.
Ukulinganiswa komthamo: Imitha yezinga iqapha njalo ushintsho lwe-capacitance ngesekethe, bese iyiguqula ibe umphumela wezinombolo wezinga loketshezi.
Ukuphuma kwesignali: Imitha yezinga ngokuvamile idlulisela inani lezinga loketshezi elilinganisiwe ohlelweni lokulawula noma kudivayisi yokubonisa ngesignali ye-analog (njenge-4-20mA) noma isignali yedijithali (njenge-RS485).
2. Izici zemitha yezinga lomthamo wamasimu e-raddy
Umklamo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemitha yezinga lomthamo emasimini e-paddy kucatshangelwa ukukhethekile kwendawo yasensimini ye-paddy. Izici zayo zibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Amandla aqinile okulwa nokuphazamiseka: Indawo ezungezile ensimini ye-raddy iyinkimbinkimbi, futhi imitha yezinga lomthamo ivame ukusebenzisa amasekethe okulwa nokuphazamiseka lapho iklama ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza okuphezulu ngaphansi komswakama kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukulinganisa okunembe kakhulu: Imitha yezinga lomthamo inganikeza ukunemba kokulinganisa izinga lamanzi elisezingeni lamamilimitha, okufanele ukuphathwa kahle kokunisela kanye nemithombo yamanzi.
Izinto ezimelana nokugqwala: Emasimini elayisi, imitha yokulinganisa idinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuvela emanzini, enhlabathini nakwamanye amakhemikhali, ngakho-ke i-probe ivame ukwenziwa ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala (njengensimbi engagqwali, ipulasitiki, njll.).
Kulula ukuyifaka nokuyinakekela: Imitha yezinga lomthamo ilula ngokwakhiwa, ayithathi isikhala esiningi sokufaka, futhi kulula ukuyinakekela, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Umsebenzi wokuqapha kude: Amamitha amaningi e-capacitive level afakwe amamojula wokuxhumana angenantambo, angafeza ukuqapha kude kanye nokuphathwa kwedatha, futhi athuthukise izinga lobuhlakani lokuphathwa kokunisela.
3. Izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kwamamitha ezinga lomthamo emasimini elayisi
Ukuphathwa kwemithombo yamanzi: Ngokuqapha izinga lamanzi ngesikhathi sangempela emasimini elayisi, abalimi bangahlulela ngokunembile izidingo zokunisela, banciphise imfucuza yamanzi, futhi bathuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi.
Khulisa isivuno sezitshalo: Ukuphathwa kwezinga lamanzi ngokwesayensi kungakhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwelayisi, kuqinisekise ukutholakala kwamanzi okwanele, futhi kugweme ukwehla komkhiqizo okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamanzi noma ukuqongelela kwamanzi.
Ezolimo ezihlakaniphile: Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bezinzwa kanye ne-Intanethi Yezinto, amamitha e-capacitive level angafakwa ohlelweni lokuphathwa kwezolimo ukuze kwakheke ikhambi lokunisela elihlakaniphile futhi kufezwe ezolimo ezinembile.
Ukwenziwa kwezinqumo okusekelwa yidatha: Ngokuqapha nokuhlaziya idatha yezinga lamanzi isikhathi eside, abalimi nabaphathi bezolimo bangenza izinqumo zesayensi ezengeziwe, bathuthukise izindlela zokulima nesikhathi, futhi bathuthukise izinga lokuphathwa kwezolimo lilonke.
4. Amacala angempela
Icala 1: Ukuphathwa kwezinga lamanzi ensimini yelayisi eVietnam
Ensimini yelayisi eVietnam, abalimi bavame ukuthembela ekuhlolweni kwezinga lamanzi ngesandla ukuze banisele. Le ndlela ayisebenzi kahle futhi ivame ukuba namaphutha ngenxa yokwahlulela okucatshangwayo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi, abalimi banqume ukwethula amamitha ezinga lomthamo njengemishini yokuqapha izinga lamanzi.
Ngemva kokufaka imitha yezinga lomthamo, abalimi bangaqapha izinga lamanzi ensimu yelayisi ngesikhathi sangempela futhi bathole idatha yezinga lamanzi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuxhumana okungenantambo namafoni omakhalekhukhwini namakhompyutha. Uma izinga loketshezi liphansi kunenani elibekiwe, uhlelo lukhumbuza abalimi ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi banisele. Ngalesi sixazululo esihlakaniphile, abalimi banciphise kakhulu imfucuza yamanzi futhi bandise ukukhiqizwa kwelayisi ngo-10%.
Icala 2: Uhlelo lokunisela oluhlakaniphile lwamasimu elayisi eMyanmar
Ipulazi elikhulu eMyanmar lethule imitha yezinga lomthamo futhi layihlanganisa nezinye izinzwa ukwakha uhlelo lokuphatha ukuchelela oluhlakaniphile. Lolu hlelo lulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo inani lamanzi okuchelela ngokuqapha idatha ngokunembile njengezinga lamanzi, umswakama wenhlabathi kanye nokushisa.
Kuphrojekthi yokuhlola yepulazi, imitha yezinga lomthamo ithole izinga lokushisa elikhuphukayo kanye nokwehla komswakama wenhlabathi, futhi uhlelo lwaqala ukunisela ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amasimu elayisi athola amanzi anele ngesikhathi somile. Ngenxa yalokho, umjikelezo wokukhula kwelayisi wafinyezwa, izinhlobo eziningi zafezwa ngempumelelo ngesizini eyodwa, futhi umkhiqizo wonke wepulazi wanda ngo-15%.
Icala 3: Isisekelo sezithombo zelayisi e-Indonesia
Esisekelweni sezithombo zerayisi e-Indonesia, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuzinza kwezinga lamanzi ngesikhathi sesigaba sezithombo, umphathi wethule imitha yezinga lomthamo. Isisekelo siqapha njalo izinga lamanzi, sihlanganisa imishini nohlelo lokuhlaziya idatha enkulu, futhi silungisa njalo izinga lamanzi.
Ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela, abaphathi bathole ukuthi izinga lamanzi eliphansi kakhulu lizothinta izinga lokusinda kwezithombo, kuyilapho izinga lamanzi eliphakeme kakhulu lizoholela kalula ezifweni nasezilokazaneni eziyingozi. Ngemva kwezinyanga eziningana zokulungisa nokulungisa, ukulawulwa kwezinga lamanzi ekugcineni kwafezwa ngokunembile, futhi izinga lempumelelo lokutshala izithombo landa ngo-20%, okwathola impendulo enhle emakethe.
5. Amathemba entuthuko
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezolimo, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwamamitha ezinga lomthamo emasimini elayisi abanzi. Isiqondiso sentuthuko yesikhathi esizayo sibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlakaniphile: Hlanganisa amamitha e-capacitive level nezinye izinzwa (njengezinzwa zokushisa nomswakama, izinzwa zomswakama womhlabathi, njll.) epulatifomu yokuphathwa kwezolimo ehlakaniphile ukuze kufezwe ukuqapha nokuphathwa okuphelele.
Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo: Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-Internet of Things, amamitha asezingeni azosebenzisa kabanzi ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana obungenantambo ukuze kube lula ukufaka, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokudlulisa idatha, kanye nokuqapha okukude.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo: Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengedatha enkulu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ukubaluleka kwedatha yokulinganisa izinga loketshezi kuyambiwa ukuze kunikezwe ukwesekwa okwengeziwe kwezinqumo zokukhiqiza kwezolimo.
Ukusungula izinto ezintsha kwezobuchwepheshe okuqhubekayo: Abakhiqizi badinga ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa izinto ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe obusha ukuze bathuthukise ikhono lokulwa nokuphazamiseka, impilo kanye nokunemba kwamamitha ezinga lomthamo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zezindawo ezahlukene kanye nabasebenzisi.
Isiphetho
Imitha yezinga lomthamo enikezelwe ensimini ye-paddy idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwezolimo zanamuhla. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuqapheni izinga lamanzi akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwemithombo yamanzi, kodwa futhi kunikeza ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe okusebenzayo kwezolimo olunembile. Ngokuthuthuka kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthuka kwesimanje kwezolimo, amamitha ezinga lomthamo azoqhubeka nokudlala izinzuzo zawo ezihlukile ukusiza intuthuko eqhubekayo yokukhiqizwa kwelayisi nokwandisa umkhiqizo kanye nemali engenayo yabalimi.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-16-2025